NURS 6015 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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What drug class does amoxicillin & clavulanic acid fall under?
penicillin
Describe bacterial resistance for penicillins (amoxicillin, amoxicillin & clavulanic
acid)
- Beta-lactam ring on penicillin can be cleaved by beta-lactamases (enzymes released
by certain bacteria --> makes antibiotic ineffective
- Drug cannot attach to penicillin binding proteins on bacteria cell wall if the beta-lactam
ring is cleaved off
Which drug class is the most common cause of drug allergy?
penicillin
Adverse effects for amoxicillin?
superinfections, GI upset (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
What drug does amoxicillin interact with?
oral birth control
When can a minor rash occur when taking penicillins?
any time up to weeks later
How quickly can anaphylaxis occur after administration of amoxicillin?
2-30 min
A small percentage of individuals with anaphylactic allergy to penicillins will also
react to which drug class?
cephalosporins
What drug class does cephalexin fall under?
cephalosporins
Adverse effects for cephalexin?
thrombophlebitis (with IV admin), hemolytic anemia, C diff infection
cephalexin interacts with _______ and produces what reaction?
alcohol, produces a disulfiram reaction
S/S of a disulfiram reaction?
face flushed, HA, tachycardia, N/V, SOB, hypotension
What should IV ceftriaxone never be mixed with?
calcium
What drug class does meropenem fall under?
carbapenem
What route do you always give meropenem?
parenteral
Adverse effects for meropenem?
superinfections (c diff), seizures (when mixed wiht other drugs)
What drug class does vancomycin fall under?
vancomycin
Which antibiotic is most widely used in the hospital and reserved for serious
infections?
, vancomycin
Therapeutic uses for vancomycin?
MRSA and strep, C diff colitis (PO form)
Adverse effects for vancomycin?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis, immune mediated
thrombocytopenia
S/S of "red man syndrome" or "red neck"
flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension
What syndrome can occur with rapid infusion of vancomycin?
red man syndrome (or red neck)
Over what span of time should you give vancomycin?
60 min or more
vancomycin requires monitoring of what?
plasma drug level
Which drug is an alternative for penicillin allergy?
erythromycin
What drug class does erythromycin fall under?
macrolides
Adverse effects for erythromycin?
prolonged Q-T interval and cause fatal arrhythmias (from excessive dosing), inhibited
P450 enzymes
What drug class does gentamicin fall under?
aminoglycosides
Which drug is used for serious infections from aerobic gram negative bacilli?
gentamicin
Adverse effects of gentamicin?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What is ototoxicity?
- Death of sensory hair cells in cochlea leads to irreversible hearing loss, balance
problems
- Vestibular damage can cause headaches, nausea and vomiting, and dizziness
- Results from high trough levels (close monitoring needed)
Which S/S is usually reversible with maintaining adequate hydration?
nephrotoxicity
What drug class does ciprofloxacin fall under?
fluoroquinolones
Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin?
CNS effects, GI effects, superinfections, tendon rupture (usually achilles)
What are the CNS effects of ciprofloxacin?
HA, dizziness, insomnia, confusion
What are the GI effects of ciprofloxacin?
N/V, diarrhea, pain
What does ciprofloxacin interact with and what happens?
iron, mineral supplements, antacids; impairs absorption
When should any iron, mineral supplements, or antacids be administered when
taking PO ciprofloxacin?
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What drug class does amoxicillin & clavulanic acid fall under?
penicillin
Describe bacterial resistance for penicillins (amoxicillin, amoxicillin & clavulanic
acid)
- Beta-lactam ring on penicillin can be cleaved by beta-lactamases (enzymes released
by certain bacteria --> makes antibiotic ineffective
- Drug cannot attach to penicillin binding proteins on bacteria cell wall if the beta-lactam
ring is cleaved off
Which drug class is the most common cause of drug allergy?
penicillin
Adverse effects for amoxicillin?
superinfections, GI upset (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
What drug does amoxicillin interact with?
oral birth control
When can a minor rash occur when taking penicillins?
any time up to weeks later
How quickly can anaphylaxis occur after administration of amoxicillin?
2-30 min
A small percentage of individuals with anaphylactic allergy to penicillins will also
react to which drug class?
cephalosporins
What drug class does cephalexin fall under?
cephalosporins
Adverse effects for cephalexin?
thrombophlebitis (with IV admin), hemolytic anemia, C diff infection
cephalexin interacts with _______ and produces what reaction?
alcohol, produces a disulfiram reaction
S/S of a disulfiram reaction?
face flushed, HA, tachycardia, N/V, SOB, hypotension
What should IV ceftriaxone never be mixed with?
calcium
What drug class does meropenem fall under?
carbapenem
What route do you always give meropenem?
parenteral
Adverse effects for meropenem?
superinfections (c diff), seizures (when mixed wiht other drugs)
What drug class does vancomycin fall under?
vancomycin
Which antibiotic is most widely used in the hospital and reserved for serious
infections?
, vancomycin
Therapeutic uses for vancomycin?
MRSA and strep, C diff colitis (PO form)
Adverse effects for vancomycin?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, infusion reaction, thrombophlebitis, immune mediated
thrombocytopenia
S/S of "red man syndrome" or "red neck"
flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension
What syndrome can occur with rapid infusion of vancomycin?
red man syndrome (or red neck)
Over what span of time should you give vancomycin?
60 min or more
vancomycin requires monitoring of what?
plasma drug level
Which drug is an alternative for penicillin allergy?
erythromycin
What drug class does erythromycin fall under?
macrolides
Adverse effects for erythromycin?
prolonged Q-T interval and cause fatal arrhythmias (from excessive dosing), inhibited
P450 enzymes
What drug class does gentamicin fall under?
aminoglycosides
Which drug is used for serious infections from aerobic gram negative bacilli?
gentamicin
Adverse effects of gentamicin?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What is ototoxicity?
- Death of sensory hair cells in cochlea leads to irreversible hearing loss, balance
problems
- Vestibular damage can cause headaches, nausea and vomiting, and dizziness
- Results from high trough levels (close monitoring needed)
Which S/S is usually reversible with maintaining adequate hydration?
nephrotoxicity
What drug class does ciprofloxacin fall under?
fluoroquinolones
Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin?
CNS effects, GI effects, superinfections, tendon rupture (usually achilles)
What are the CNS effects of ciprofloxacin?
HA, dizziness, insomnia, confusion
What are the GI effects of ciprofloxacin?
N/V, diarrhea, pain
What does ciprofloxacin interact with and what happens?
iron, mineral supplements, antacids; impairs absorption
When should any iron, mineral supplements, or antacids be administered when
taking PO ciprofloxacin?
