NURS 6015 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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What are the S/S of hypoglycemia?
shakiness, dizziness, fatigue, diaphoresis, fast HR, nervousness/anxiety,
irritability/confusion, hunger
What are the 3 Ps of diabetes?
polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
What is the rationale for combination therapy of varying types of insulin?
it enables an effective and comprehensive control of blood glucose without risk of
hypoglycemia
What types of insulin can be mixed in the same syringe?
regular and NPH, regular and lispro
In what order do you mix insulin?
clear (rapid, short) mixed before cloudy (NPH)
What is a normal blood sugar range?
70-100 mg/dL
How do you assess therapeutic efficacy of diabetes medications?
monitor blood sugar and A1C
What are the adverse effects of sitagliptin?
URI, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity reactions
What are S/S of pancreatitis?
severe abdominal pain, low BP, back pain after eating, vomiting
What is the mechanism of action for pioglitazone?
decreases insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
What administration instructions should be followed when taking pioglitazone?
take once a day with or without food
What are the adverse effects of pioglitazone?
URI, HA, muscle aches, fluid retention, edema, hepatotoxicity, ovulation in pre
menopausal women, can cause or worsen CHF
What are S/S of hepatotoxicity?
jaundice, fatigue, loss of appetite, RUQ abdominal pain
What is the indication for use of glucagon?
insulin induced hypoglycemia in unconscious patients (or patients that cannot eat/drink),
emergency settings
What is the mechanism of action for glucagon?
raises blood glucose via glycogenesis, converting glycogen to glucose
What is the mechanism of action for glyburide?
stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin
What are the indications for use of glyburide?
high blood sugar d/t Type 2 DM
What drugs does insulin interact with?
sulfonylureas, meglitinides, beta blockers, salicylates, and alcohol
, What is the mechanism of action for sulfonylureas?
stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin, can also increase cellular sensitivity to
insulin
What are the adverse effects of sulfonylureas?
weight gain, hypoglycemia, cardiac toxicity, GI upset
What administration instructions should be followed when taking sulfonylureas?
take 30 min before a meal, skip dose if NPO
What is the duration of action for insulin glargine?
18-24 hours
When does the onset of insulin glargine occur?
1 hour after injection
What administration instructions should be followed when taking insulin
glargine?
give subcutaneous only, take at the same time every day (typically once daily at
bedtime), never mix in same syringe with another type of insulin
What is the mechanism of action for NPH insulin?
delays the absorption of insulin into the blood stream
When does the onset of NPH insulin occur?
1-2 hours after injection
What is the duration of action for NPH insulin?
18 to 24 hours
What are the indications for use of NPH insulin?
given to cover the next meal a patient will eat
What are the indications for use of regular insulin?
DKA, needing IV insulin
What administration instructions should be followed when taking regular insulin?
monitor blood glucose prior to administration and after
When does the onset of regular insulin occur?
30-60 min after injection
What is the duration of action for regular insulin?
3-6 hours
What is the timing of administration for lispro insulin?
take 15 min before meals or take immediately after eating
What labs need to be monitored for lispro insulin?
blood glucose, A1C, potassium, weight
What are the adverse effects for lispro insulin?
hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypokalemia, injection site reactions
Why would you give lispro insulin to a diabetic patient?
to "cover" the carbohydrates eaten and to bring a high blood sugar down
What is the duration of action for lispro insulin?
3-5 hours
When does the onset of lispro insulin occur?
15 min after injection
What are the comorbidities of metformin?
renal impairment, liver disease, HF, dehydration, malnutrition, pregnancy
What drugs does metformin interact with?
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What are the S/S of hypoglycemia?
shakiness, dizziness, fatigue, diaphoresis, fast HR, nervousness/anxiety,
irritability/confusion, hunger
What are the 3 Ps of diabetes?
polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
What is the rationale for combination therapy of varying types of insulin?
it enables an effective and comprehensive control of blood glucose without risk of
hypoglycemia
What types of insulin can be mixed in the same syringe?
regular and NPH, regular and lispro
In what order do you mix insulin?
clear (rapid, short) mixed before cloudy (NPH)
What is a normal blood sugar range?
70-100 mg/dL
How do you assess therapeutic efficacy of diabetes medications?
monitor blood sugar and A1C
What are the adverse effects of sitagliptin?
URI, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity reactions
What are S/S of pancreatitis?
severe abdominal pain, low BP, back pain after eating, vomiting
What is the mechanism of action for pioglitazone?
decreases insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
What administration instructions should be followed when taking pioglitazone?
take once a day with or without food
What are the adverse effects of pioglitazone?
URI, HA, muscle aches, fluid retention, edema, hepatotoxicity, ovulation in pre
menopausal women, can cause or worsen CHF
What are S/S of hepatotoxicity?
jaundice, fatigue, loss of appetite, RUQ abdominal pain
What is the indication for use of glucagon?
insulin induced hypoglycemia in unconscious patients (or patients that cannot eat/drink),
emergency settings
What is the mechanism of action for glucagon?
raises blood glucose via glycogenesis, converting glycogen to glucose
What is the mechanism of action for glyburide?
stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin
What are the indications for use of glyburide?
high blood sugar d/t Type 2 DM
What drugs does insulin interact with?
sulfonylureas, meglitinides, beta blockers, salicylates, and alcohol
, What is the mechanism of action for sulfonylureas?
stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin, can also increase cellular sensitivity to
insulin
What are the adverse effects of sulfonylureas?
weight gain, hypoglycemia, cardiac toxicity, GI upset
What administration instructions should be followed when taking sulfonylureas?
take 30 min before a meal, skip dose if NPO
What is the duration of action for insulin glargine?
18-24 hours
When does the onset of insulin glargine occur?
1 hour after injection
What administration instructions should be followed when taking insulin
glargine?
give subcutaneous only, take at the same time every day (typically once daily at
bedtime), never mix in same syringe with another type of insulin
What is the mechanism of action for NPH insulin?
delays the absorption of insulin into the blood stream
When does the onset of NPH insulin occur?
1-2 hours after injection
What is the duration of action for NPH insulin?
18 to 24 hours
What are the indications for use of NPH insulin?
given to cover the next meal a patient will eat
What are the indications for use of regular insulin?
DKA, needing IV insulin
What administration instructions should be followed when taking regular insulin?
monitor blood glucose prior to administration and after
When does the onset of regular insulin occur?
30-60 min after injection
What is the duration of action for regular insulin?
3-6 hours
What is the timing of administration for lispro insulin?
take 15 min before meals or take immediately after eating
What labs need to be monitored for lispro insulin?
blood glucose, A1C, potassium, weight
What are the adverse effects for lispro insulin?
hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypokalemia, injection site reactions
Why would you give lispro insulin to a diabetic patient?
to "cover" the carbohydrates eaten and to bring a high blood sugar down
What is the duration of action for lispro insulin?
3-5 hours
When does the onset of lispro insulin occur?
15 min after injection
What are the comorbidities of metformin?
renal impairment, liver disease, HF, dehydration, malnutrition, pregnancy
What drugs does metformin interact with?
