ALL SMARTY PANCE EENT BLUEPRINT LESSON FLASHCARD
SETS COMBINED (SMARTY PANCE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye
The most common cause of conjunctivitis?
The most common cause is viral infection by adenovirus, but can also be caused
by allergens or bacterial infection.
A patient presents with an itching, tearing, right eye. Upon examination
large cobblestone papillae are found under the upper lid. What is the probable
diagnosis?
Allergic conjunctivitis
Pt will presents with bilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy,
copious watery discharge, scant mucoid discharge. What is the probable
diagnosis?
Viral conjunctivitis
Pt will presents with acute onset of copious purulent discharge from both eyes.
Eyes "glued" shut in the AM. There are NO visual changes and no ciliary
injection. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis
What organisms are typically responsible for causing bacterial conjunctivitis?
,Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae.
Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Topical antibiotics: erythromycin, FQs, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides
Treatment for contact lens wearer?
Contact lenses use = pseudomonas. Treat with fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin/Ciloxan drops)
Treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
Viral conjunctivitis is self limiting. Treatment
includes cool compresses, artificial tears, olopatadine (Patanol) for itchiness
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
Systemic antihistamines and topical antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers. (Naphcon-
A, Ocuhist, generics)
What condition is a seronegative arthritis that is often seen in combination
with urethritis and conjunctivitis?
Reactive arthritis (post-infectious arthritis with urethritis and conjunctivitis was formerly
known as Reiter syndrome). This condition is often precipitated by a sexually
transmitted disease (often linked to Chlamydia trachomatis) or gastroenteritis and may
present with lesions in multiple locations (mouth, penis, extremities), swollen toes and
heel pain.
What is the most common type of gonorrhea infection that can be seen in
newborns?
Conjunctivitis (purulent)
,What is the treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis?
Oral erythromycin
What is a cataract?
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision. It can
affect one or both eyes.
Presentation of cataracts?
Cataracts are painless and often it develops slowly. Symptoms may include faded
colors, blurry vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at
night. This may result in trouble driving, reading, or recognizing faces
What are the risk factors for developing cataracts?
Risk factors for cataracts include age (usually > 60), smoking, ETOH, sunlight
exposure, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, prolonged drug use (esp. glucocorticoids),
radiation
What are the five most common causes of visual impairment in the elderly?
Presbyopia (farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring
typically in middle and old age), cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
What are the leading causes of blindness in elderly Caucasians? How about
elderly African Americans? And the overall leading cause of blindness
worldwide?
● Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in
elderly Caucasians.
, ● Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in elderly African Americans
● The overall leading cause of blindness worldwide is cataracts.
Diagnosis of cataracts?
● Visual acuity is tested
● Ophthalmoscope
● Slit-lamp microscope
*Cataracts typically have one of three components: nuclear sclerosis, cortical
spoking, and posterior subcapsular haze
Nuclear Sclerosis (yellowing)?
Opaque nucleus, manifested as a yellow-brown hazy structure at the center of the
lens on slit lamp examination
What is cortical spoking (CS)?
Cortical spoking cataract (CS) – Swelling of the cortex causing spoke/wedge-like
peripheral cloudiness. Seen on slit lamp examination
Posterior subcapsular haze?
A posterior subcapsular cataract reveals a "frost-like" haze just anterior to the
posterior lens capsule which is the back surface of the lens on slit lamp examination
Name and describe the treatment of choice for functional vision impairment
caused by cataracts.
Phacoemulsification where the cloudy lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece
and aspirated from the eye. An artificial intraocular lens is then implanted into the
space that used to contain the natural lens.
What is a corneal ulcer?
SETS COMBINED (SMARTY PANCE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye
The most common cause of conjunctivitis?
The most common cause is viral infection by adenovirus, but can also be caused
by allergens or bacterial infection.
A patient presents with an itching, tearing, right eye. Upon examination
large cobblestone papillae are found under the upper lid. What is the probable
diagnosis?
Allergic conjunctivitis
Pt will presents with bilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy,
copious watery discharge, scant mucoid discharge. What is the probable
diagnosis?
Viral conjunctivitis
Pt will presents with acute onset of copious purulent discharge from both eyes.
Eyes "glued" shut in the AM. There are NO visual changes and no ciliary
injection. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis
What organisms are typically responsible for causing bacterial conjunctivitis?
,Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae.
Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Topical antibiotics: erythromycin, FQs, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides
Treatment for contact lens wearer?
Contact lenses use = pseudomonas. Treat with fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin/Ciloxan drops)
Treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
Viral conjunctivitis is self limiting. Treatment
includes cool compresses, artificial tears, olopatadine (Patanol) for itchiness
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
Systemic antihistamines and topical antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers. (Naphcon-
A, Ocuhist, generics)
What condition is a seronegative arthritis that is often seen in combination
with urethritis and conjunctivitis?
Reactive arthritis (post-infectious arthritis with urethritis and conjunctivitis was formerly
known as Reiter syndrome). This condition is often precipitated by a sexually
transmitted disease (often linked to Chlamydia trachomatis) or gastroenteritis and may
present with lesions in multiple locations (mouth, penis, extremities), swollen toes and
heel pain.
What is the most common type of gonorrhea infection that can be seen in
newborns?
Conjunctivitis (purulent)
,What is the treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis?
Oral erythromycin
What is a cataract?
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision. It can
affect one or both eyes.
Presentation of cataracts?
Cataracts are painless and often it develops slowly. Symptoms may include faded
colors, blurry vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at
night. This may result in trouble driving, reading, or recognizing faces
What are the risk factors for developing cataracts?
Risk factors for cataracts include age (usually > 60), smoking, ETOH, sunlight
exposure, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, prolonged drug use (esp. glucocorticoids),
radiation
What are the five most common causes of visual impairment in the elderly?
Presbyopia (farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring
typically in middle and old age), cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
What are the leading causes of blindness in elderly Caucasians? How about
elderly African Americans? And the overall leading cause of blindness
worldwide?
● Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in
elderly Caucasians.
, ● Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in elderly African Americans
● The overall leading cause of blindness worldwide is cataracts.
Diagnosis of cataracts?
● Visual acuity is tested
● Ophthalmoscope
● Slit-lamp microscope
*Cataracts typically have one of three components: nuclear sclerosis, cortical
spoking, and posterior subcapsular haze
Nuclear Sclerosis (yellowing)?
Opaque nucleus, manifested as a yellow-brown hazy structure at the center of the
lens on slit lamp examination
What is cortical spoking (CS)?
Cortical spoking cataract (CS) – Swelling of the cortex causing spoke/wedge-like
peripheral cloudiness. Seen on slit lamp examination
Posterior subcapsular haze?
A posterior subcapsular cataract reveals a "frost-like" haze just anterior to the
posterior lens capsule which is the back surface of the lens on slit lamp examination
Name and describe the treatment of choice for functional vision impairment
caused by cataracts.
Phacoemulsification where the cloudy lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece
and aspirated from the eye. An artificial intraocular lens is then implanted into the
space that used to contain the natural lens.
What is a corneal ulcer?
