Memory & Forgetting
Memory:
It is the process by which we Encode, Store and Retrieve
information.
Ryburn – “The power that we have to store our experiences, and
to bring them into the field of consciousness sometime after the
experiences have occurred, is termed as memory”.
Components of Memory
- Memory involves four basic components or factors:
A. Learning
B. Retention
C. Recall/ Retrieval
D. Recognition
Learning – It is the process of registering impressions/ acquiring
new knowledge, skills, attitudes and so on..
Retention- After the active learning process the retention will
take place which is comparatively passive. This is the ability to
keep things in mind and remember.
Recall / Retrieval – This is the act of remembering something.
Recall is greatly affected by emotions and motivation both at the
time of learning & subsequently.
Recognition – It is the awareness of previous experience, it is
complete familiarity without any mistake.
It is the opposite of remembering.
Munn – “ Forgetting is the loss, permanent or temporary, of the
ability to recall or recognize something learned earlier”
This is an inability to recall the previously learnt material.
Basic process of Memory:
Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve
information.
Encoding refers to the process by which information is initially
recorded in a form usable to memory.
Storage refers to the maintenance of material saved in the
memory system. If the material is not stored adequately, it
, cannot be recalled later.
In retrieval, information in memory storage is located, brought
into awareness, and used.
Atkinson & Shiffrin Model
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a theory of human memory that
was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968.
Essentially, both men used this model to show that the human
memory could be broken down into three different memory
stores:
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
The concept of sensory memory was originally left out of their
1968 model before being added later. Our senses experience
different things in terms of sight, hearing, touch, feeling and
taste but only a fraction of this is remembered. This was the basis
of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model which showed how each of the
above forms of memory worked.
Sensory memory –
Sensory memory receives information from all of our senses.
Every sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch that we experience is
processed for only a few seconds (or less) in our Sensory
Memory. Sensory memory responses are automatic and we don’t
have control over how we process information from our senses.
The sensory register is another name for sensory memory, where
Memory:
It is the process by which we Encode, Store and Retrieve
information.
Ryburn – “The power that we have to store our experiences, and
to bring them into the field of consciousness sometime after the
experiences have occurred, is termed as memory”.
Components of Memory
- Memory involves four basic components or factors:
A. Learning
B. Retention
C. Recall/ Retrieval
D. Recognition
Learning – It is the process of registering impressions/ acquiring
new knowledge, skills, attitudes and so on..
Retention- After the active learning process the retention will
take place which is comparatively passive. This is the ability to
keep things in mind and remember.
Recall / Retrieval – This is the act of remembering something.
Recall is greatly affected by emotions and motivation both at the
time of learning & subsequently.
Recognition – It is the awareness of previous experience, it is
complete familiarity without any mistake.
It is the opposite of remembering.
Munn – “ Forgetting is the loss, permanent or temporary, of the
ability to recall or recognize something learned earlier”
This is an inability to recall the previously learnt material.
Basic process of Memory:
Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve
information.
Encoding refers to the process by which information is initially
recorded in a form usable to memory.
Storage refers to the maintenance of material saved in the
memory system. If the material is not stored adequately, it
, cannot be recalled later.
In retrieval, information in memory storage is located, brought
into awareness, and used.
Atkinson & Shiffrin Model
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a theory of human memory that
was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968.
Essentially, both men used this model to show that the human
memory could be broken down into three different memory
stores:
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
The concept of sensory memory was originally left out of their
1968 model before being added later. Our senses experience
different things in terms of sight, hearing, touch, feeling and
taste but only a fraction of this is remembered. This was the basis
of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model which showed how each of the
above forms of memory worked.
Sensory memory –
Sensory memory receives information from all of our senses.
Every sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch that we experience is
processed for only a few seconds (or less) in our Sensory
Memory. Sensory memory responses are automatic and we don’t
have control over how we process information from our senses.
The sensory register is another name for sensory memory, where
