NURS 6011 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE. BUY
QUALITY MATERIALS!
hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
What are oxygenation masks used for?
allows for increased oxygen levels in the inhaled air, helps prevent CO2 rebreathing,
and permits humidification of gases to reduce mucous membrane drying.
Simple face mask
an oxygen-delivery apparatus used for patients who require a moderate flow rate for a
short period of time via a plastic mask that fits snugly over the mouth and nose. Delivers
oxygen at a flow rate of 10-15 LPM and a concentration of 60-80%.
Nasal cannula
A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the
patient's nostrils.
High-flow nasal cannula
Can deliver oxygen at a flow rate of up to 60 LPM and a concentration of up to 100%.
mechanical ventilators
Provide oxygen and control breathing patterns for patients who can't breathe on their
own. They can be used for a few hours, a few days, or the rest of a patient's life
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
Delivers continuous positive airway pressure to keep airways open while breathing. It's
often used to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
lung sounds
vesicular sounds , soft and low-pitched
Abnormal lung sounds
- Wheezing: Indicates narrowed airways (asthma, COPD).
- Crackles: Suggests fluid in the lungs (heart failure, pneumonia).
- Stridor: A sign of upper airway obstruction.
Expected Findings for regular respiratory rate, lung sounds, and O2 saturation
Regular respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/min), clear lung sounds, and O2 saturation >
92%.
Abnormal Findings for regular respiratory rate, lung sounds, and O2 saturation
Increased respiratory rate, abnormal lung sounds, and low O2 saturation (< 92%)
Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Distress
- Promote Airway Clearance: Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises. Use
incentive spirometry.
- Administer Oxygen: If O2 saturation is low, provide supplemental oxygen per protocol.
- Educate Patients: Teach about breathing techniques, medications, and when to seek
, help.
- Positioning: Position the patient in an upright position to facilitate better lung
expansion.
- Hydration: Encourage adequate fluid intake to help thin secretions.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Regularly assess respiratory rate, effort, and O2 saturation to
identify changes.
What are the clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?
- Constipation.
- Feeling of skipped heart beats or palpitations.
- Fatigue.
- Muscle damage.
- Muscle weakness or spasms.
- Tingling or numbness.
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia?
muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and cardiac
arrhythmias
How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?
the lungs try to exhale CO2 by increasing respiratory rate
What is metabolic acidosis?
blood is too acidic, with an HCO3- less than 21 and a pH less than 7.35
What are the S/S of metabolic acidosis?
DIARRHEA, Kussmaul respirations, confusion, HA, tachycardia, lethargy, loss of
appetite, N/V
How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
the lungs try to retain CO2 by slowing respiratory rate
What is metabolic alkalosis?
blood is too alkaline, with an HCO3- greater than 28 and a pH greater than 7.45
What are the S/S of metabolic alkalosis?
VOMITING, muscle twitching or spasms, lethargy, tremors, numbness/tingling, light
headedness, HA
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?
the kidneys excrete hydrogen through the urine
What is respiratory acidosis?
a buildup of CO2 in the lungs, which results in a PaCO2 greater than 45 and a pH less
than 7.35.
What are the S/S for respiratory acidosis?
SLOW RR, anxiety, confusion, fatigue, lethargy, sleepiness, tremors, flushed skin,
sweating
How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
the kidneys excrete bicarb through the urine
What is respiratory alkalosis?
low CO2 levels in the body, with a PaCO2 less than 35 and a pH greater than 7.45
What are the S/S of respiratory alkalosis?
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE. BUY
QUALITY MATERIALS!
hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
What are oxygenation masks used for?
allows for increased oxygen levels in the inhaled air, helps prevent CO2 rebreathing,
and permits humidification of gases to reduce mucous membrane drying.
Simple face mask
an oxygen-delivery apparatus used for patients who require a moderate flow rate for a
short period of time via a plastic mask that fits snugly over the mouth and nose. Delivers
oxygen at a flow rate of 10-15 LPM and a concentration of 60-80%.
Nasal cannula
A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the
patient's nostrils.
High-flow nasal cannula
Can deliver oxygen at a flow rate of up to 60 LPM and a concentration of up to 100%.
mechanical ventilators
Provide oxygen and control breathing patterns for patients who can't breathe on their
own. They can be used for a few hours, a few days, or the rest of a patient's life
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
Delivers continuous positive airway pressure to keep airways open while breathing. It's
often used to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
lung sounds
vesicular sounds , soft and low-pitched
Abnormal lung sounds
- Wheezing: Indicates narrowed airways (asthma, COPD).
- Crackles: Suggests fluid in the lungs (heart failure, pneumonia).
- Stridor: A sign of upper airway obstruction.
Expected Findings for regular respiratory rate, lung sounds, and O2 saturation
Regular respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/min), clear lung sounds, and O2 saturation >
92%.
Abnormal Findings for regular respiratory rate, lung sounds, and O2 saturation
Increased respiratory rate, abnormal lung sounds, and low O2 saturation (< 92%)
Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Distress
- Promote Airway Clearance: Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises. Use
incentive spirometry.
- Administer Oxygen: If O2 saturation is low, provide supplemental oxygen per protocol.
- Educate Patients: Teach about breathing techniques, medications, and when to seek
, help.
- Positioning: Position the patient in an upright position to facilitate better lung
expansion.
- Hydration: Encourage adequate fluid intake to help thin secretions.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Regularly assess respiratory rate, effort, and O2 saturation to
identify changes.
What are the clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?
- Constipation.
- Feeling of skipped heart beats or palpitations.
- Fatigue.
- Muscle damage.
- Muscle weakness or spasms.
- Tingling or numbness.
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia?
muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and cardiac
arrhythmias
How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?
the lungs try to exhale CO2 by increasing respiratory rate
What is metabolic acidosis?
blood is too acidic, with an HCO3- less than 21 and a pH less than 7.35
What are the S/S of metabolic acidosis?
DIARRHEA, Kussmaul respirations, confusion, HA, tachycardia, lethargy, loss of
appetite, N/V
How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
the lungs try to retain CO2 by slowing respiratory rate
What is metabolic alkalosis?
blood is too alkaline, with an HCO3- greater than 28 and a pH greater than 7.45
What are the S/S of metabolic alkalosis?
VOMITING, muscle twitching or spasms, lethargy, tremors, numbness/tingling, light
headedness, HA
How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?
the kidneys excrete hydrogen through the urine
What is respiratory acidosis?
a buildup of CO2 in the lungs, which results in a PaCO2 greater than 45 and a pH less
than 7.35.
What are the S/S for respiratory acidosis?
SLOW RR, anxiety, confusion, fatigue, lethargy, sleepiness, tremors, flushed skin,
sweating
How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
the kidneys excrete bicarb through the urine
What is respiratory alkalosis?
low CO2 levels in the body, with a PaCO2 less than 35 and a pH greater than 7.45
What are the S/S of respiratory alkalosis?
