PATIENT CARE CHAPTER 18 EXAM (LANA) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS. BUY QUALITY MATERIALS!
Before removing the retention-style enema tip, what is the most important thing
to remember?
Deflate the balloon
Barium is a relatively nontoxic contrast agent.
True
Mr and Mrs Obe Noxious bring their 3 y/o son into the department for an upper GI
examination. They have been concerned because he has been spitting out all his
food saying that he is not hungry. They suspect that he has a tumor in his
stomach. The child immediately begins screaming that he will not drink any of
"that stuff" What is your best response in this situation?
B) Try to calm the child down
What would be the worst response in the above scenario?
D) Ask for sedation for the child
A double-contrast study of the GI tract includes which of the following.
A) Use of room air
B) Use of Barium
If the patient has the large bowel removed at the sigmoid area and the opening is
made on the anterior surface of the abdomen, the patient is said to have a:
C) Sigmoidostomy
After a barium study, the patient must receive the following after-care
instructions.
A) Increase fluid intake for the next 24-48 hours
B) Call the physician if no bowel movement has occured within the next hour
C) Expect to see light-colored stools for a few days
D) If constipation seems to be a problem, take a laxative
E) Increase fiber intake for 24-48 hours
F) Call the physician if blood is noticed in the stool
Place the following examinations in order for scheduling. Use the same number
for those that can be scheduled together as one examination.
1) Abdominal Radiographs
2) Upper GI, Esophagram, Small Bowel follow-through
3) Barium Enema
What is the preparation for an infant who is scheduled to have an upper GI done?
Nothing to eat for 3 to 4 hours
Robbie Overnight, a 73 y/o male scheduled for a barium enema, comes into the
department and is obviously concerned about the study. He says, "My friend told
me that the barium will turn hard in my bowel and have to be removed. Is that
true? Place an "M" in front of the most appropriate response and an "L" in front
of the least appropriate response.
,M) "I see that you have some concerns. Let me explain to you now what will happen
after the exam is over so that you will feel comfortable during the procedure."
L) "Yes"
Why is air used in the performance of barium studies of the GI tract?
Air causes the barium to coat the walls of the GI tract and outline it with sufficient
contrast to identify any ulceration or other abnormalities.
Mr Albert Barium has questions regarding his upcoming lower GI study. From the
following list of items, circle all the responses that would be correct to tell him.
B) You should drink lots of water after the study is over.
C) The barium should be eliminated from your system within 24 to 48 hours.
D) After the examination, your doctor will phone you with the results.
What are the most common types of contrast media used in the radiography
department?
-Barium
-Water-soluble iodine compounds
What is the purpose of having advance preparations for some specific types of
examinations that require the use of contrast medium?
-To cleanse the GI tract so that gas, food, or fecal material will not obscure the
structures to be visualized
What is the proper sequencing process of the given information?
-Barium examinations, urinary examinations, non-contrast studies, other modalities,
lower before upper
-Non-contrast studies, other modalities, urinary before barium, lower before upper
Why do you not want to give barium orally to a sedated patient?
-Increases the chance of aspiration
When scheduling several fasting examinations, how do you determine what to
put first?
-Emergency, diabetic, pediatric, geriatric
How do you determine if someone has done the proper preparations for a
contrast study?
-Scout images
What diet instructions are given to an adult patient in preparation for a contrast
GI study?
-Low-residue diet for several days prior to exam
-Increase water intake
-Clear liquid diet 24 hours prior to exam
NPO 8-12 hours before exam
What constitutes a "low residue" diet?
-excludes tough meats; raw, cooked, dried fruits; raw vegetables; juices with pulp;
whole-grain breads/cereals; nuts, peanut butter, seeds, popcorn, beans, etc.
What diet instructions are given to younger children (2-10) in preparation for a
contrast GI study?
-Low residue meal evening before study
What diet instructions are given to infants in preparation for a contrast GI study?
-No prep necessary
, What constitutes a clear liquid diet?
-coffee/tea with sugar, gelatin, clear broth, carbonated beverages, apple juice
-NO MILK!!!! (curdle during digestions- producing high-residue solid)
What is a cathartic?
Laxative
What are the 5 primary types of cathartics?
-Bulk, lubricant, emollient, saline, and stimulant
What are the most commonly used cathartics for bowel prep for imaging studies?
-Saline and stimulants
Which type of cathartic is bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?
-Stimulant
What type of cathartic is citrate of magnesia considered?
-Saline cathartic
Remember*** Special prep considerations may be needed for debilitated or frail patients
or for patients with chronic or acute diarrhea.
What is a semisolid nugget of medications called?
Suppository
What is the purpose of an enema?
-To cleanse the bowel
What are 4 different types of enemas?
-Tap water, soapsuds, normal saline, glycerin in water, sodium phosphate (Fleet)
-{Note: Fleet is only good for distal portion of colon- not enough to cleanse entire bowel}
What temperature should be used if you are going to give a tap water enema?
-Tepid (105 ̊ F)
What position is a patient put in for insertion of an enema tip?
-Sims' position
For a cleansing enema, how high should you hang the bag?
-18 inches above the table
How full do you fill a cleansing enema bag?
-1000mL
Fresh red blood in the stool may be indicative of:
-Hemorrhoids or pathologic condition of the colon
Black, tarry substance in the stool would represent what?
-Bleeding in the upper GI tract
What ways can barium sulfate be administered?
-Orally or rectally
What different forms of barium will you see?
-Powder, concentrated liquid, suspension, tablet, "fizzy"
What is a contraindication for using barium sulfate?
-Suspected bowel perforation
-When abdominal surgery is likely
What contrast should be used when the previous indications are present?
-Water-soluble iodine compounds
What happens if barium gets into the peritoneum?
Peritonitis
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS. BUY QUALITY MATERIALS!
Before removing the retention-style enema tip, what is the most important thing
to remember?
Deflate the balloon
Barium is a relatively nontoxic contrast agent.
True
Mr and Mrs Obe Noxious bring their 3 y/o son into the department for an upper GI
examination. They have been concerned because he has been spitting out all his
food saying that he is not hungry. They suspect that he has a tumor in his
stomach. The child immediately begins screaming that he will not drink any of
"that stuff" What is your best response in this situation?
B) Try to calm the child down
What would be the worst response in the above scenario?
D) Ask for sedation for the child
A double-contrast study of the GI tract includes which of the following.
A) Use of room air
B) Use of Barium
If the patient has the large bowel removed at the sigmoid area and the opening is
made on the anterior surface of the abdomen, the patient is said to have a:
C) Sigmoidostomy
After a barium study, the patient must receive the following after-care
instructions.
A) Increase fluid intake for the next 24-48 hours
B) Call the physician if no bowel movement has occured within the next hour
C) Expect to see light-colored stools for a few days
D) If constipation seems to be a problem, take a laxative
E) Increase fiber intake for 24-48 hours
F) Call the physician if blood is noticed in the stool
Place the following examinations in order for scheduling. Use the same number
for those that can be scheduled together as one examination.
1) Abdominal Radiographs
2) Upper GI, Esophagram, Small Bowel follow-through
3) Barium Enema
What is the preparation for an infant who is scheduled to have an upper GI done?
Nothing to eat for 3 to 4 hours
Robbie Overnight, a 73 y/o male scheduled for a barium enema, comes into the
department and is obviously concerned about the study. He says, "My friend told
me that the barium will turn hard in my bowel and have to be removed. Is that
true? Place an "M" in front of the most appropriate response and an "L" in front
of the least appropriate response.
,M) "I see that you have some concerns. Let me explain to you now what will happen
after the exam is over so that you will feel comfortable during the procedure."
L) "Yes"
Why is air used in the performance of barium studies of the GI tract?
Air causes the barium to coat the walls of the GI tract and outline it with sufficient
contrast to identify any ulceration or other abnormalities.
Mr Albert Barium has questions regarding his upcoming lower GI study. From the
following list of items, circle all the responses that would be correct to tell him.
B) You should drink lots of water after the study is over.
C) The barium should be eliminated from your system within 24 to 48 hours.
D) After the examination, your doctor will phone you with the results.
What are the most common types of contrast media used in the radiography
department?
-Barium
-Water-soluble iodine compounds
What is the purpose of having advance preparations for some specific types of
examinations that require the use of contrast medium?
-To cleanse the GI tract so that gas, food, or fecal material will not obscure the
structures to be visualized
What is the proper sequencing process of the given information?
-Barium examinations, urinary examinations, non-contrast studies, other modalities,
lower before upper
-Non-contrast studies, other modalities, urinary before barium, lower before upper
Why do you not want to give barium orally to a sedated patient?
-Increases the chance of aspiration
When scheduling several fasting examinations, how do you determine what to
put first?
-Emergency, diabetic, pediatric, geriatric
How do you determine if someone has done the proper preparations for a
contrast study?
-Scout images
What diet instructions are given to an adult patient in preparation for a contrast
GI study?
-Low-residue diet for several days prior to exam
-Increase water intake
-Clear liquid diet 24 hours prior to exam
NPO 8-12 hours before exam
What constitutes a "low residue" diet?
-excludes tough meats; raw, cooked, dried fruits; raw vegetables; juices with pulp;
whole-grain breads/cereals; nuts, peanut butter, seeds, popcorn, beans, etc.
What diet instructions are given to younger children (2-10) in preparation for a
contrast GI study?
-Low residue meal evening before study
What diet instructions are given to infants in preparation for a contrast GI study?
-No prep necessary
, What constitutes a clear liquid diet?
-coffee/tea with sugar, gelatin, clear broth, carbonated beverages, apple juice
-NO MILK!!!! (curdle during digestions- producing high-residue solid)
What is a cathartic?
Laxative
What are the 5 primary types of cathartics?
-Bulk, lubricant, emollient, saline, and stimulant
What are the most commonly used cathartics for bowel prep for imaging studies?
-Saline and stimulants
Which type of cathartic is bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?
-Stimulant
What type of cathartic is citrate of magnesia considered?
-Saline cathartic
Remember*** Special prep considerations may be needed for debilitated or frail patients
or for patients with chronic or acute diarrhea.
What is a semisolid nugget of medications called?
Suppository
What is the purpose of an enema?
-To cleanse the bowel
What are 4 different types of enemas?
-Tap water, soapsuds, normal saline, glycerin in water, sodium phosphate (Fleet)
-{Note: Fleet is only good for distal portion of colon- not enough to cleanse entire bowel}
What temperature should be used if you are going to give a tap water enema?
-Tepid (105 ̊ F)
What position is a patient put in for insertion of an enema tip?
-Sims' position
For a cleansing enema, how high should you hang the bag?
-18 inches above the table
How full do you fill a cleansing enema bag?
-1000mL
Fresh red blood in the stool may be indicative of:
-Hemorrhoids or pathologic condition of the colon
Black, tarry substance in the stool would represent what?
-Bleeding in the upper GI tract
What ways can barium sulfate be administered?
-Orally or rectally
What different forms of barium will you see?
-Powder, concentrated liquid, suspension, tablet, "fizzy"
What is a contraindication for using barium sulfate?
-Suspected bowel perforation
-When abdominal surgery is likely
What contrast should be used when the previous indications are present?
-Water-soluble iodine compounds
What happens if barium gets into the peritoneum?
Peritonitis
