BLD 402, FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++

BLD 402, FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++


Aldosterone



-Function

-secretion

-excess

-deficiency

-Function: ↑Na+ reabsorption, ↑K+ excretion



-secretion: adrenal cortex



-excess: hypokalemia, hypertension, hypernatremia, alkalosis



-deficiency: hyponatremia, decrease BP

ADH



-Function

-secretion

-excess

-deficiency

,-Function: ↑water retention



-secretion: stimulated by thirst, made in hypothalamus, released by pituitary



-excess: hyponatremia



-deficiency: hypernatremia, diabetes insipidus

BNP



-Function

-secretion

-excess

-deficiency

-Function: ↑Na+ excretion, ↑ water excretion( high urine output), suppression of renin-

aldosterone system, inhibit ADH



-secretion: response to ↑blood volume



-excess: hyponatremia, dehydration



-deficiency: hypernatremia



BNP: left ventricle, ANP: cardiac atria

, Major cations



-in cell

- out of cell

- Hemolysis?

- K+ in cell

- Na+ out of cell

- ↑K+ outside of cells when rbc's rupture

Major function of Kidneys

-excrete/ reabsorb



-regulate pH



-hormone secretion: erythropoietin, renin, Vit D

Kidney hormone function, and consequence of deficiency

Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

-massive proteinuria >3g/day



- Decrease serum albumin



-Edema (due to decrease of albumin)



-hyperlipidemia