BLD 402 TOXICOLOGY EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Xenobiotic Metabolism
Non-specific pathway
Conjugation: toxic substance is not polar enough to excrete out= increases water
solubility of a compound by conjugation
Conj groups:
1. Glutathione
2. Acetyl
3. Phosphate
4. Glycine
5. Glucuronic acid
Mixed function oxidase pathway: toxic substance is not polar enough to excrete out=
oxidation rxn converts it to more polar structure/ intermediate for conjugation rxn
Intermediates: Cytochrome P450= Short half-life protein, inducible enzyme
Alcohols
Ethanol:
1. Absorption: Ethanol is absorbed from entire GI tract. The efficiency and rate of
absorption is decreased when ingested with food
2. Solubility: Ethanol is very soluble in both water and lipid= can cross BBB and
VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Xenobiotic Metabolism
Non-specific pathway
Conjugation: toxic substance is not polar enough to excrete out= increases water
solubility of a compound by conjugation
Conj groups:
1. Glutathione
2. Acetyl
3. Phosphate
4. Glycine
5. Glucuronic acid
Mixed function oxidase pathway: toxic substance is not polar enough to excrete out=
oxidation rxn converts it to more polar structure/ intermediate for conjugation rxn
Intermediates: Cytochrome P450= Short half-life protein, inducible enzyme
Alcohols
Ethanol:
1. Absorption: Ethanol is absorbed from entire GI tract. The efficiency and rate of
absorption is decreased when ingested with food
2. Solubility: Ethanol is very soluble in both water and lipid= can cross BBB and
