BLD 402 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Physiological factors involved in the control of total body water:
Protein function, cell size/shape.
Intracellular Water:
40% of body weight
Extracellular Water:
20% (5% in plasma, 15% in interstitial fluid).
Percentage of body weight that is water?
60% of total body weight.
Hormonal Control of Body Water:
Hypothalamic Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, vasopressin).
Physiologic Control of Body Water:
Thirst, Renal Water Reabsorption
Regulation of Release from Hypothalamus by Sensing - Increased EC Osmolarity:
Receptors in hypothalamus triggered.
Regulation of Release from Hypothalamus by Sensing - Decreased Vascular
Volume:
Signals from receptors to CNS to Hypothalamus.
Where are Receptors Related to Body Water Found in the Body?
, Receptors are found in the atria of the heart, inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins, aorta
and carotid arteries. Baroreceptors sense stretches, and CNS regulates heart rate and
vessel constriction.
Renin:
Protease released from the kidneys. Regulators of release include decreased renal
perfusion pressure, sympathetic nerve stimulation (response to epinephrine).
What carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Renin
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme:
Released from capillaries (especially lung) and converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II:
Works to constrict blood vessels, trigger aldosterone release from adrenal cortex,
trigger thirst, trigger ADH secretion, and increase Na+ reabsorption in the kidney
(causing retention of body water).
Aldosterone:
A steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that works to increase the Na+/K+
exchange (more Na retained, more K excreted) and increases water reabsorption in
kidney.
Natriuretic Peptides:
Work to oppose the effects of renin-angiotensin system. They relax blood vessels by
suppressing SNS activity, increase vascular permeability (more Na out, more water in,
more water lost by kidneys), suppress renin-angiotensin system, inhibit salt appetite,
water intake, and inhibit secretion of ADH.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Physiological factors involved in the control of total body water:
Protein function, cell size/shape.
Intracellular Water:
40% of body weight
Extracellular Water:
20% (5% in plasma, 15% in interstitial fluid).
Percentage of body weight that is water?
60% of total body weight.
Hormonal Control of Body Water:
Hypothalamic Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH, vasopressin).
Physiologic Control of Body Water:
Thirst, Renal Water Reabsorption
Regulation of Release from Hypothalamus by Sensing - Increased EC Osmolarity:
Receptors in hypothalamus triggered.
Regulation of Release from Hypothalamus by Sensing - Decreased Vascular
Volume:
Signals from receptors to CNS to Hypothalamus.
Where are Receptors Related to Body Water Found in the Body?
, Receptors are found in the atria of the heart, inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins, aorta
and carotid arteries. Baroreceptors sense stretches, and CNS regulates heart rate and
vessel constriction.
Renin:
Protease released from the kidneys. Regulators of release include decreased renal
perfusion pressure, sympathetic nerve stimulation (response to epinephrine).
What carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Renin
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme:
Released from capillaries (especially lung) and converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II:
Works to constrict blood vessels, trigger aldosterone release from adrenal cortex,
trigger thirst, trigger ADH secretion, and increase Na+ reabsorption in the kidney
(causing retention of body water).
Aldosterone:
A steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that works to increase the Na+/K+
exchange (more Na retained, more K excreted) and increases water reabsorption in
kidney.
Natriuretic Peptides:
Work to oppose the effects of renin-angiotensin system. They relax blood vessels by
suppressing SNS activity, increase vascular permeability (more Na out, more water in,
more water lost by kidneys), suppress renin-angiotensin system, inhibit salt appetite,
water intake, and inhibit secretion of ADH.
