BLD 402 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What is unconjugated bilirubin produced from and where?
heme in the spleen/rbcs
how and why does unconjugated bilirubin move in the blood?
rides with albumin because it is lipid soluble
how and why does conjugated bilirubin move in the blood?
freely because it is water soluble
how does urobilinogen end up in the body?
it gets reabsorbed through portal vein and sent back to liver
how does urobilinogen end up in the urine?
after it is reabsorbed, the liver can't take it up so it circulates through the blood until it
gets passed through the glomeruli in the kidneys
what example causes prehepatic jaundice?
hemolytic anemia
lab results for prehepatic jaundice.
- high indirect bilirubin
- normal direct bilirubin
- high urobilinogen
- no bilirubin in urine
what example causes hepatic jaundice?
,hepatitis
lab results for hepatic jaundice.
- high indirect bilirubin
- high direct bilirubin
- normal to high urobilinogen in urine
- bilirubin in urine
what example causes post hepatic jaundice?
cholestasis
lab results of post hepatic jaundice.
- normal indirect bilirubin
- high direct bilirubin
- decreased to no urobilinogen in urine
- bilirubin in urine
If total bilirubin is high in plasma, we will see some patients with bilirubin in urine
and some patients without bilirubin in urine. Why is this?
the total bilirubin includes direct and indirect and only direct bilirubin is water soluble so
it can pass through the kidneys and into the urine.
what causes neonatal jaundice and what do the lab results look like?
- UDP production has not started yet so it can't convert unconjugated to conjugated.
- causes increased indirect bilirubin
what causes Crigler-Najjar syndrome and what do the lab results look like?
- hereditary UDP defect
- causes increased indirect bilirubin
, what causes Gilbert's disease and what do the lab results look like?
- mutation causing reduced UDP activity
- slight increase in indirect bilirubin
what causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome and what do the lab results look like?
- defect in canalicular secretions of direct bilirubin
- causes increased direct bilirubin
what are the 4 major functions of the liver?
- synthesis of plasma proteins (except immunoglobulins)
- metabolism/storage of proteins/carbs/etc.
- detoxification
- excretion of waste
what is the function of albumin?
to maintain colloid osmotic pressure and transport of insoluble molecules
what causes change in albumin?
decreased
- sever decrease in liver function
- decreased amino acid intake
- overhydration
- decreased glomerular integrity
- increased protein metabolism
increased
- dehydration
what is the function of TSP?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What is unconjugated bilirubin produced from and where?
heme in the spleen/rbcs
how and why does unconjugated bilirubin move in the blood?
rides with albumin because it is lipid soluble
how and why does conjugated bilirubin move in the blood?
freely because it is water soluble
how does urobilinogen end up in the body?
it gets reabsorbed through portal vein and sent back to liver
how does urobilinogen end up in the urine?
after it is reabsorbed, the liver can't take it up so it circulates through the blood until it
gets passed through the glomeruli in the kidneys
what example causes prehepatic jaundice?
hemolytic anemia
lab results for prehepatic jaundice.
- high indirect bilirubin
- normal direct bilirubin
- high urobilinogen
- no bilirubin in urine
what example causes hepatic jaundice?
,hepatitis
lab results for hepatic jaundice.
- high indirect bilirubin
- high direct bilirubin
- normal to high urobilinogen in urine
- bilirubin in urine
what example causes post hepatic jaundice?
cholestasis
lab results of post hepatic jaundice.
- normal indirect bilirubin
- high direct bilirubin
- decreased to no urobilinogen in urine
- bilirubin in urine
If total bilirubin is high in plasma, we will see some patients with bilirubin in urine
and some patients without bilirubin in urine. Why is this?
the total bilirubin includes direct and indirect and only direct bilirubin is water soluble so
it can pass through the kidneys and into the urine.
what causes neonatal jaundice and what do the lab results look like?
- UDP production has not started yet so it can't convert unconjugated to conjugated.
- causes increased indirect bilirubin
what causes Crigler-Najjar syndrome and what do the lab results look like?
- hereditary UDP defect
- causes increased indirect bilirubin
, what causes Gilbert's disease and what do the lab results look like?
- mutation causing reduced UDP activity
- slight increase in indirect bilirubin
what causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome and what do the lab results look like?
- defect in canalicular secretions of direct bilirubin
- causes increased direct bilirubin
what are the 4 major functions of the liver?
- synthesis of plasma proteins (except immunoglobulins)
- metabolism/storage of proteins/carbs/etc.
- detoxification
- excretion of waste
what is the function of albumin?
to maintain colloid osmotic pressure and transport of insoluble molecules
what causes change in albumin?
decreased
- sever decrease in liver function
- decreased amino acid intake
- overhydration
- decreased glomerular integrity
- increased protein metabolism
increased
- dehydration
what is the function of TSP?
