MERGED QUESTION PAPER> MARK SCHEME> 100% GUARANTEE
surname names
Number Number
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
B ■ ■
Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 2: Core Physiology and Ecology
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
centre number and candidate number.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
In question(s) marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
structure your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow from each other where appropriate.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P74475A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 A problem that has developed in recent years is the emergence of bacteria that are
resistant to some antibiotics.
(a) (i) Which of the following will lead to fewer resistant bacteria?
(1)
A antibiotics being given to farm animals to prevent disease
B doctors only prescribing antibiotics that are effective against
the pathogen
C doctors only prescribing antibiotics for viral infections
D patients stopping taking the antibiotics when they feel better
(ii) Which of the following would cause an increase in resistant bacteria?
(1)
A antibiotic use leads to increased competition between bacteria
B the antibiotic reducing the frequency of mutations in the bacteria
C the resistant bacteria being killed by the antibiotic
D the resistant bacteria surviving the antibiotic
2
, MERGED QUESTION PAPER> MARK SCHEME> 100% GUARANTEE
■■■■
, (b) The bacteria referred to as MRSA are resistant to many antibiotics.
The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in several US states from
2005 to 2016.
30
25
20
15 Community cases
10
5
Hospital cases
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
(i) Explain why the number of hospital cases of MRSA is lower than the number
of community cases of MRSA.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
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. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
(ii) Explain the changes in hospital cases and community cases from
2012 to 2016.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
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. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
■■■■
surname names
Number Number
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
B ■ ■
Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 2: Core Physiology and Ecology
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
centre number and candidate number.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
In question(s) marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
structure your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow from each other where appropriate.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P74475A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
F:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 A problem that has developed in recent years is the emergence of bacteria that are
resistant to some antibiotics.
(a) (i) Which of the following will lead to fewer resistant bacteria?
(1)
A antibiotics being given to farm animals to prevent disease
B doctors only prescribing antibiotics that are effective against
the pathogen
C doctors only prescribing antibiotics for viral infections
D patients stopping taking the antibiotics when they feel better
(ii) Which of the following would cause an increase in resistant bacteria?
(1)
A antibiotic use leads to increased competition between bacteria
B the antibiotic reducing the frequency of mutations in the bacteria
C the resistant bacteria being killed by the antibiotic
D the resistant bacteria surviving the antibiotic
2
, MERGED QUESTION PAPER> MARK SCHEME> 100% GUARANTEE
■■■■
, (b) The bacteria referred to as MRSA are resistant to many antibiotics.
The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in several US states from
2005 to 2016.
30
25
20
15 Community cases
10
5
Hospital cases
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
(i) Explain why the number of hospital cases of MRSA is lower than the number
of community cases of MRSA.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
(ii) Explain the changes in hospital cases and community cases from
2012 to 2016.
(2)
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . ......................
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