BLD 204 EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Neoplasm
"New + to mould"
New growth
Neoplasia characteristics
"transformed"
autonomous
proliferation
ignore environment and regulatory influences
Mass of tissue (tumor)
Disorderly differentiation
Normal cell proliferation
- In normal tissue, there are controls for cells division.
- Normally, cells only divide a certain number of times, only fill so much space, and they
do this in the "right" direction
Cell cycle
G0: cell is at rest
G1: dividing portion (cell cycle cannot stop after this phase)
G2: mitosis
Controls of the Cell Cycle
,Cyclins
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
CDK inhibitors (CDKIs)
Disorderly Proliferation
*In neoplasms, the cells escape these controls
They can become basically "immortal" dividing many, many more times than they
should
The end result is a mass of cells in an inappropriate number in an inappropriate
location.
Excess growth w/o escaping control can be normal
Hyperplasia
There are more cells, cells, cells
Hypertrophy
The cells get BIGGER
What's the difference?
Non-neoplastic changes CEASE when the stimulus is remove
Neoplastic changes don't respond to normal stimuli
*Autonomous behavior
Proliferation Differences (what do transformed cells do?)
They don't show contact inhibition in cell culture
(Contact inhibition tells cells that an area is full)
Neoplastic cells
, Have a failure of inhibition signals that would restrain proliferation (failure of inhibition,
failure of contact inhibition, or cell cycle proteins)
OR
Increased growth factor expression encourages them to proliferate (Ex. TNF-alpha,
PDGF)
OR
Both things happen
Normal differentiation
Orderly
Progresses from more immature forms until the cell has reached it's normal functional
and structural characteristics
Tissues are also organized in an orderly fashion
Restriction of the expression of the genome of individual cells allows all this happen
Control for Daughter Cells Gene Expression
Generally cancer targets multiple parts of this process
DNA to RNA
*Transcriptional control
RNA control
Processing
Transport
Degradation/Stabilization
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Neoplasm
"New + to mould"
New growth
Neoplasia characteristics
"transformed"
autonomous
proliferation
ignore environment and regulatory influences
Mass of tissue (tumor)
Disorderly differentiation
Normal cell proliferation
- In normal tissue, there are controls for cells division.
- Normally, cells only divide a certain number of times, only fill so much space, and they
do this in the "right" direction
Cell cycle
G0: cell is at rest
G1: dividing portion (cell cycle cannot stop after this phase)
G2: mitosis
Controls of the Cell Cycle
,Cyclins
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
CDK inhibitors (CDKIs)
Disorderly Proliferation
*In neoplasms, the cells escape these controls
They can become basically "immortal" dividing many, many more times than they
should
The end result is a mass of cells in an inappropriate number in an inappropriate
location.
Excess growth w/o escaping control can be normal
Hyperplasia
There are more cells, cells, cells
Hypertrophy
The cells get BIGGER
What's the difference?
Non-neoplastic changes CEASE when the stimulus is remove
Neoplastic changes don't respond to normal stimuli
*Autonomous behavior
Proliferation Differences (what do transformed cells do?)
They don't show contact inhibition in cell culture
(Contact inhibition tells cells that an area is full)
Neoplastic cells
, Have a failure of inhibition signals that would restrain proliferation (failure of inhibition,
failure of contact inhibition, or cell cycle proteins)
OR
Increased growth factor expression encourages them to proliferate (Ex. TNF-alpha,
PDGF)
OR
Both things happen
Normal differentiation
Orderly
Progresses from more immature forms until the cell has reached it's normal functional
and structural characteristics
Tissues are also organized in an orderly fashion
Restriction of the expression of the genome of individual cells allows all this happen
Control for Daughter Cells Gene Expression
Generally cancer targets multiple parts of this process
DNA to RNA
*Transcriptional control
RNA control
Processing
Transport
Degradation/Stabilization
