BLD 204 - FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS GRADED A++
(Q1) What is the function of mitochondria?
Energy production
Sunburn is an example of what kind of injury?
Physical
Oxidative stress from excess ROS causes what three things?
1. Lipid peroxidation
2. Protein misfolding
3. DNA damage
The family of enzymes that regulate apoptosis are the _________
Caspases
The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is also known as __________
Intrinsic
Which results in inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis?
Necrosis
During necrosis, damage is caused by the leakage of proteolytic enzymes from
the ___________
Lysosome
,During the early stages of necrosis, the cell as a whole _________.
During apoptosis, the cell as a whole ________.
Swells, shrinks
Signal receiving proteins on the outside of a cell are activated by binding ligands,
triggering apoptosis via the _________/___________ pathway.
Death receptor / Extrinsic
What three things can increased cytosolic calcium cause?
1. Membrane damage
2. Nuclear damage
3. ATP depletion
What happens to the nucleus during apoptosis?
Condensation of chromatin
The proteins that make holes in the mitochondria to initiate apoptosis are called
__________.
BAX and BAK
T/F Apoptosis is always the result of disease.
FALSE
Damage to a kidney would most likely result in which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
Damage to the brain would most likely result in which type of necrosis?
Liquefactive
Damage to the lungs would most likely result in which type of necrosis? (i.e. TB
granulomas)
, Caseous
Damage caused by immune mediated disease would most likely result in which
type of necrosis?
Fibrinoid
(Q2) The swelling that occurs with inflammation can best be explained by which
of the following?
Increased vascular permeability
What type of inflammation is described (chronic or acute): A child's ear infection
that resolves in 3 days with antibiotic treatment.
Acute inflammation
Do transudates or exudates have more protein content?
Exudates
Describe the inflammatory process in three steps (include macrophage, edema,
and neutrophils).
1. Edema causes swollen tissues
2. Neutrophils are recruited to the site
3. Macrophages are recruited to the site.
Leukocyte transmigration during inflammation requires what protein?
PECAM
What do Neutrophil Extracellular Traps extrude to capture pathogens?
Nuclear material
Provide an example of a vasoactive amine that promotes vascular changes in
inflammation.
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS GRADED A++
(Q1) What is the function of mitochondria?
Energy production
Sunburn is an example of what kind of injury?
Physical
Oxidative stress from excess ROS causes what three things?
1. Lipid peroxidation
2. Protein misfolding
3. DNA damage
The family of enzymes that regulate apoptosis are the _________
Caspases
The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is also known as __________
Intrinsic
Which results in inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis?
Necrosis
During necrosis, damage is caused by the leakage of proteolytic enzymes from
the ___________
Lysosome
,During the early stages of necrosis, the cell as a whole _________.
During apoptosis, the cell as a whole ________.
Swells, shrinks
Signal receiving proteins on the outside of a cell are activated by binding ligands,
triggering apoptosis via the _________/___________ pathway.
Death receptor / Extrinsic
What three things can increased cytosolic calcium cause?
1. Membrane damage
2. Nuclear damage
3. ATP depletion
What happens to the nucleus during apoptosis?
Condensation of chromatin
The proteins that make holes in the mitochondria to initiate apoptosis are called
__________.
BAX and BAK
T/F Apoptosis is always the result of disease.
FALSE
Damage to a kidney would most likely result in which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
Damage to the brain would most likely result in which type of necrosis?
Liquefactive
Damage to the lungs would most likely result in which type of necrosis? (i.e. TB
granulomas)
, Caseous
Damage caused by immune mediated disease would most likely result in which
type of necrosis?
Fibrinoid
(Q2) The swelling that occurs with inflammation can best be explained by which
of the following?
Increased vascular permeability
What type of inflammation is described (chronic or acute): A child's ear infection
that resolves in 3 days with antibiotic treatment.
Acute inflammation
Do transudates or exudates have more protein content?
Exudates
Describe the inflammatory process in three steps (include macrophage, edema,
and neutrophils).
1. Edema causes swollen tissues
2. Neutrophils are recruited to the site
3. Macrophages are recruited to the site.
Leukocyte transmigration during inflammation requires what protein?
PECAM
What do Neutrophil Extracellular Traps extrude to capture pathogens?
Nuclear material
Provide an example of a vasoactive amine that promotes vascular changes in
inflammation.
