BLD 204 - 3 EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
blood vessel parts
smooth muscle, luminal lining (endothelial layer), and lumen (empty space)
arteries
-large and elastic or
-medium and muscular or
-small
-away from heart
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
capillaries
-pericyte
-microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of
the body
lymphatics
transport interstitial fluid to blood
endothelium
-maintain thrombosis balance
-modulate inflammation
,-modulate vascular permeability
-oxidize LDL
activated endothelial cell
-shape change
-produce adhesion molecules
-produce cytokines and coagulation factors
-too long inducer exposure causes dysfunction and damage
endothelial cell activation inducers
-Bacteria and viruses
-Pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF and IL-1)
-Stress
-Lipids
-Complement
-Hypoxia
Atherosclerosis
condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
regulators that increase smooth muscle activity
PDGF, endothelin, thrombin, FGF, IFN-γ, IL-1
regulators that decrease smooth muscle activity
heparan sulfate, NO, and TGF-α
hydrostatic pressure
-pressure that blood exerts on the vessel
-bleeding out will drop this bc blood is leaving
, plasma colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside of
vessels
interstitial fluid pressure
pressure exerted by fluid in the interstitial space outside of vessel
what causes fluid to leave vasculature
1. Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. Increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartment
what causes fluid to remain in vasculature
1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins, especially albumin
2. selective permeability of endothelium
3. tissue tension
hemorrhage
blood leaving vasculature due to hematoma, hemothorax, hemopericardium,
hemoperitoneum, hemarthrosis, petechiae, purpura, and acchymoses
hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity (chest)
hemopericardium
blood in the pericardial cavity
hemoperitoneum
Blood in the peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
blood vessel parts
smooth muscle, luminal lining (endothelial layer), and lumen (empty space)
arteries
-large and elastic or
-medium and muscular or
-small
-away from heart
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
capillaries
-pericyte
-microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of
the body
lymphatics
transport interstitial fluid to blood
endothelium
-maintain thrombosis balance
-modulate inflammation
,-modulate vascular permeability
-oxidize LDL
activated endothelial cell
-shape change
-produce adhesion molecules
-produce cytokines and coagulation factors
-too long inducer exposure causes dysfunction and damage
endothelial cell activation inducers
-Bacteria and viruses
-Pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF and IL-1)
-Stress
-Lipids
-Complement
-Hypoxia
Atherosclerosis
condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
regulators that increase smooth muscle activity
PDGF, endothelin, thrombin, FGF, IFN-γ, IL-1
regulators that decrease smooth muscle activity
heparan sulfate, NO, and TGF-α
hydrostatic pressure
-pressure that blood exerts on the vessel
-bleeding out will drop this bc blood is leaving
, plasma colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside of
vessels
interstitial fluid pressure
pressure exerted by fluid in the interstitial space outside of vessel
what causes fluid to leave vasculature
1. Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. Increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartment
what causes fluid to remain in vasculature
1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins, especially albumin
2. selective permeability of endothelium
3. tissue tension
hemorrhage
blood leaving vasculature due to hematoma, hemothorax, hemopericardium,
hemoperitoneum, hemarthrosis, petechiae, purpura, and acchymoses
hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity (chest)
hemopericardium
blood in the pericardial cavity
hemoperitoneum
Blood in the peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
