BLD 204 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
endothelium
maintains thrombosis balance, influences smooth muscle cell behavior, modulates
inflammation, influences growth of other cell types, modulates vascular permeability,
oxidizes LDL
-change shape
-produce adhesion molecules
-produce cytokines and coagulation influencing factors
-fast and slow responses
-too long an exposure to inducers = dysfunction and damage
endothelial cell acitvation
-bacteria and viruses
-pro-inflammation cytokines
-stress
-lipids
-complement
-hypoxia
endothelial cell activation inducers
-PDGF
-endothelin
,-thrombin
-FGFs
-IFN-gamma
-IL-1
regulators of smooth muscle that increase activity
-heparan sulfate
-nitric oxide
-TGF-alpha
regulators of smooth muscle that decrease activity
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure that blood exerts on the vessel
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
the pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside
of the vessel
interstitial fluid pressure
the pressure exerted by the fluid in the interstitial spaces outside the vessel
1. increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartment
what causes fluid to leave the vasculature?
1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins especially albumin
2. the selective permeability of the endothelium
3. tissue tension
what helps fluid remain in the vasculature?
, smaller bleeding (hemorrhage) under the skin
what are petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses?
-vascular wall: endothelium
-platelets
-coagulation cascade
three elements of hemostasis
1. vasoconstriction through transient effect, endothelin and serotonin
2. platelet plug- damage to the endothelial layer exposes ECM, this facilitates
platelets adherence, activation and aggregation
3. coagulation cascade activation, activated by tissue factor and factor VII
4. stable clot formation (fibrin net)
5. limitation of clotting, this is through fibrinolysis and tissue type plasminogen
activator (clot busting drugs) where plasminogen is cleaved to plasmin which
degrades fibrin
the process of hemostasis
formation of the initial platelet plug
what is primary hemostasis?
stable clot formation
what is secondary hemostasis?
hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
endothelium
maintains thrombosis balance, influences smooth muscle cell behavior, modulates
inflammation, influences growth of other cell types, modulates vascular permeability,
oxidizes LDL
-change shape
-produce adhesion molecules
-produce cytokines and coagulation influencing factors
-fast and slow responses
-too long an exposure to inducers = dysfunction and damage
endothelial cell acitvation
-bacteria and viruses
-pro-inflammation cytokines
-stress
-lipids
-complement
-hypoxia
endothelial cell activation inducers
-PDGF
-endothelin
,-thrombin
-FGFs
-IFN-gamma
-IL-1
regulators of smooth muscle that increase activity
-heparan sulfate
-nitric oxide
-TGF-alpha
regulators of smooth muscle that decrease activity
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure that blood exerts on the vessel
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
the pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside
of the vessel
interstitial fluid pressure
the pressure exerted by the fluid in the interstitial spaces outside the vessel
1. increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. increased colloid osmotic pressure in the extravascular compartment
what causes fluid to leave the vasculature?
1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins especially albumin
2. the selective permeability of the endothelium
3. tissue tension
what helps fluid remain in the vasculature?
, smaller bleeding (hemorrhage) under the skin
what are petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses?
-vascular wall: endothelium
-platelets
-coagulation cascade
three elements of hemostasis
1. vasoconstriction through transient effect, endothelin and serotonin
2. platelet plug- damage to the endothelial layer exposes ECM, this facilitates
platelets adherence, activation and aggregation
3. coagulation cascade activation, activated by tissue factor and factor VII
4. stable clot formation (fibrin net)
5. limitation of clotting, this is through fibrinolysis and tissue type plasminogen
activator (clot busting drugs) where plasminogen is cleaved to plasmin which
degrades fibrin
the process of hemostasis
formation of the initial platelet plug
what is primary hemostasis?
stable clot formation
what is secondary hemostasis?
hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
