BLD 204 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What is the inner part of a blood vessel called?
The luminal lining (it is the endothelial layer)
What is the outer part of the blood vessel called?
The smooth muscle and ECM
What are the three layers of the blood vessel from innermost to outermost?
Intima, media, adventitia
What are tiny capillaries called?
Pericytes
What are the jobs of the endothelium (6)?
Maintain thrombosis balance
Influence smooth muscle behavior
Modulate inflammation
Influence growth of other cell types
Modulate vascular permeability
Oxidize LDL
What do endothelial cells do when activated (5)?
Change shape
Produce adhesion molecules
Produce cytokines and coag factors
,Fast and slow responses
Dysfunction and damage (if exposed to activators for too long)
What things activate endothelial cells (7)?
Bacteria and viruses, pro-inflammation cytokines, stress, lipids, complement, hypoxia
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that blood exerts on the blood vessel (from inside)
What is plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
The pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside
of the vessel
What is an example of a molecule that can influence plasma colloid osmotic
pressure?
Albumin
What is interstitial fluid pressure?
The pressure exerted by the fluid in the interstitial spaces outside the vessel
What causes fluid to leave the vessel?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Increased colloid osmotic pressure outside the vessel (high solute outside the vessel)
What keeps fluid in the vessels?
Presence of albumin in the blood increases colloid osmotic pressure inside the vessel
Selective permeability of the endothelium
Tissue tension (muscle exerts force on blood vessel)
Where does the normal net loss of fluid from the blood vessels end up?
The lymphatic system
, What is a hematoma?
A lump made of blood
What is hemothorax?
Bleeding into the chest cavity
What is hemopericardium?
Bleeding into the pericardial sac
What is hemoperitoneum?
Bleeding into the peritoneal space
What is hemoarthrosis?
Bleeding into the joints
What are petechiae?
Little pin prick broken blood vessels
What are purpura?
Larger more defined bleeds under the skin, like age spots
What are ecchymoses?
Regular bruise
What is considered when judging a hemorrhage (3)?
Volume of blood loss
Rate of blood loss
General health of patient
What are the three elements of hemostasis?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
What is the inner part of a blood vessel called?
The luminal lining (it is the endothelial layer)
What is the outer part of the blood vessel called?
The smooth muscle and ECM
What are the three layers of the blood vessel from innermost to outermost?
Intima, media, adventitia
What are tiny capillaries called?
Pericytes
What are the jobs of the endothelium (6)?
Maintain thrombosis balance
Influence smooth muscle behavior
Modulate inflammation
Influence growth of other cell types
Modulate vascular permeability
Oxidize LDL
What do endothelial cells do when activated (5)?
Change shape
Produce adhesion molecules
Produce cytokines and coag factors
,Fast and slow responses
Dysfunction and damage (if exposed to activators for too long)
What things activate endothelial cells (7)?
Bacteria and viruses, pro-inflammation cytokines, stress, lipids, complement, hypoxia
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that blood exerts on the blood vessel (from inside)
What is plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
The pressure exerted by different concentrations of molecules on the inside and outside
of the vessel
What is an example of a molecule that can influence plasma colloid osmotic
pressure?
Albumin
What is interstitial fluid pressure?
The pressure exerted by the fluid in the interstitial spaces outside the vessel
What causes fluid to leave the vessel?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Increased colloid osmotic pressure outside the vessel (high solute outside the vessel)
What keeps fluid in the vessels?
Presence of albumin in the blood increases colloid osmotic pressure inside the vessel
Selective permeability of the endothelium
Tissue tension (muscle exerts force on blood vessel)
Where does the normal net loss of fluid from the blood vessels end up?
The lymphatic system
, What is a hematoma?
A lump made of blood
What is hemothorax?
Bleeding into the chest cavity
What is hemopericardium?
Bleeding into the pericardial sac
What is hemoperitoneum?
Bleeding into the peritoneal space
What is hemoarthrosis?
Bleeding into the joints
What are petechiae?
Little pin prick broken blood vessels
What are purpura?
Larger more defined bleeds under the skin, like age spots
What are ecchymoses?
Regular bruise
What is considered when judging a hemorrhage (3)?
Volume of blood loss
Rate of blood loss
General health of patient
What are the three elements of hemostasis?
