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One of the veterinary school professors spends some time observing the rabbits
on campus. He has recently noticed suspicious-looking lumps on many of the
rabbits. He writes a grant to study these rabbits, and begins his research by
tranquilizing and tagging the rabbits to biopsy of the lumps. (Assume rabbit
physiology and cancer development is the same as that of humans, unless
directed otherwise) After about six months of research, he is convinced that the
rabbits have a form of malignant cancer caused by a new rabbit virus: BSQV.
Which of the following is the etiology of the rabbit lumps?
(a) Malignancy
(b) Cancer
(c) BSQV virus
(d) Neoplasm
(c) BSQV virus
When the professor and his students attempt to grow cells from the rabbit lumps
in culture, the cells exhibit a serious lack of contact inhibition. Which of the
following hallmarks of cancer does this finding demonstrate?
(a) Self-sufficiency of growth signals
(b) Evasion of apoptosis
, (c) Insensitivity to anti-growth signals
(d) Sustained angiogenesis
(c) Insensitivity to anti-growth signals
The rabbits' cancerous lumps grow rapidly. By sequencing the DNA in the tumor
cells, the researchers find a mutation that enables their rapid growth. It is a
mutation of the rabbit gene that is identical in function to human RAS. How do
RAS mutations encourage proliferation?
(a) By producing growth factors that the cells respond to
(b) By over-expressing growth factor receptors on the cell
(c) By monitoring the cell for genomic damages
(d) By sending a constant "growth-inducing" signal to the nucleus
(d) By sending a constant "growth-inducing" signal to the nucleus
Further examination of the rabbit tumor DNA shows that there are several large
deletions in a couple of chromosomes. Ordinarily, cells with that kind of genomic
damage would do which of the following?
(a) Survive so long as no critical genes were damaged
(b) Die by netosis to prevent infection from occurring
(c) Become less differentiated and enter the cell cycle
(d) Die by apoptosis because their DNA is so damaged
(d) Die by apoptosis because their DNA is so damaged
Genomic damage is usually recognized by a specific protein nicknamed "the
guardian." The rabbit tumor cells have mutations in all of the alleles of the rabbit
version of the gene for this protein. What is the human version of this gene