BLD 204 PART 5: HEMODYNAMICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
lumen
empty space of vessel
luminal lining
lining exposed to blood
smooth muscle & ECM
scaffold for blood vessels
media
middle layer of luminal lining
adventitia
outer layer of luminal lining
intima
closest layer of luminal lining to blood vessel
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
capillaries
single layer of cells called pericytes
veins
,carry blood back to the heart
endothelial cell activation
changes shape, produces adhesion molecules, cytokines, and coagulation influencing
factors
vascular smooth muscle cells
capable of proliferation, upregulation of ECM components, growth factors, and
cytokines
lymphatic system
vessel system for fluid return
hydrostatic pressure
pressure that blood exerts on vessels
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by different concentration of molecules on inside and outside of
vessels
interstitial pressure
pressure exerted by fluid outside of vessels
causes fluid to leave vasculature
1. increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. increased colloid osmotic pressure in extravascular compartment
albumin
protein in blood that exerts osmotic pressure
causes fluid to stay in vasculature
, 1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
2. selective permeability of endothelium
3. tissue tension
hemorrhage
blood leaving vasculature
petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
ecchymoses
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
three elements of hemostasis
1. vascular wall (endothelium)
2. platelets (cell fragments)
3. coagulation cascade
five steps of hemostasis
1. vasoconstriction
2. platelets (triple As)
3. coagulation cascade
4. thrombin stability
5. counter-regulation
hemostasis: vasoconstriction
caused by serotonin and endothelin; transient effect
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
lumen
empty space of vessel
luminal lining
lining exposed to blood
smooth muscle & ECM
scaffold for blood vessels
media
middle layer of luminal lining
adventitia
outer layer of luminal lining
intima
closest layer of luminal lining to blood vessel
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
capillaries
single layer of cells called pericytes
veins
,carry blood back to the heart
endothelial cell activation
changes shape, produces adhesion molecules, cytokines, and coagulation influencing
factors
vascular smooth muscle cells
capable of proliferation, upregulation of ECM components, growth factors, and
cytokines
lymphatic system
vessel system for fluid return
hydrostatic pressure
pressure that blood exerts on vessels
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by different concentration of molecules on inside and outside of
vessels
interstitial pressure
pressure exerted by fluid outside of vessels
causes fluid to leave vasculature
1. increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
2. increased colloid osmotic pressure in extravascular compartment
albumin
protein in blood that exerts osmotic pressure
causes fluid to stay in vasculature
, 1. osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
2. selective permeability of endothelium
3. tissue tension
hemorrhage
blood leaving vasculature
petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
ecchymoses
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
three elements of hemostasis
1. vascular wall (endothelium)
2. platelets (cell fragments)
3. coagulation cascade
five steps of hemostasis
1. vasoconstriction
2. platelets (triple As)
3. coagulation cascade
4. thrombin stability
5. counter-regulation
hemostasis: vasoconstriction
caused by serotonin and endothelin; transient effect
