BLD 204 PART 4: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY & IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++

BLD 204 PART 4: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY & IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ innate immunity always prepared to provide defense, but is not antigen-specific adaptive immunity specific and powerful, responds to cells that escaped innate immunity, and can be either humoral or cell mediated humoral immune response branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses cellular immune response attack on pathogens by T cells antigen molecules recognized as "non-self" antibodies specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents Natural Killer (NK) Cells cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize the loss of MHC I molecules on cells; eventually release perforins that enter the cell, which are followed by granzymes that follow to activate the capsase cascade B Cells bone marrow-derived cells that act in humoral immunity by producing antibodies (plasma cells); able to recognize antigen without MHC I B Cells Receptors (BCRs) unique antigen specificity; located at the end of immunoglobulins dendritic cell immune response location: T cell zones in lymphoid tissue capture and present antigens to T cells along with expressing MHC II and T cell costimulatory molecules macrophage immune response phagocytose and present antigens B cell immune response recognize antigen via BCR, take it in, process it, and present it via MHC II molecules to helper T cells MHC I molecules found on every nucleated cell that presents antigen; signals CD8+ and consists of a heavy alpha chain and a beta 2-microglobulin chain MHC II found on professional APCs that consume and present the antigen; consists of two equal sized peptide chains and is recognized by helper T cells IgG 70-80% of plasma immunoglobulin; monomeric and diffuses from vasculature. neutralizes toxins, opsinizes bacteria, and the only class able to cross the placenta IgM first to show up post-immunization; largest with ten binding sites and five monomers joined together by a J chain. IgA in mucosa, tears, sweat, bile, and breast milk; two chains with a J chain connection. stops bacteria and viruses from entering the epithelium IgE Fc fragment binds to mast cell receptors, and Ag binding results in granule release (histamine, leukotrienes). normally involved in parasite infections and hypersensitivity IgD present on some B cells; helps with antigen recognition and activation and helps arm basophils and mast cells in mucosa to help with immune responses in the lungs primary lymphoid tissue thymus and bone marrow; cells differentiate and mature into lymphocytes here secondary lymphoid tissue lymph node, spleen, and MALT; exposed to antigens and develop adaptive immunity T Cells thymus-derived cells that must be presented antigens by MHC I molecules CD8+ / Cytotoxic T Cells cell-mediated immunity T cells; directly kill cells and produce cytokines CD4+ / Helper T Cells work alongside APCs and B cells; releases cytokines to stimulate B cells to make antibodies and encourage macrophage activity