BLD 204 PART 8: ENVIRONMENTAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND
INFECTIOUS DISEASES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
environmental disease
diseases caused by exposure to chemicals or physical agents in ambient, workplace, or
personal environment
toxicology
science of poisons, including distribution, effects, mechanisms, and physical agents
poison
dependent on dosage
how the body metabolizes exogenous chemicals
cytochrome P-450, which makes ROS
results of exposure to environmental toxins
1. excretion via urine or feces
2. cell injury that can cause heart disease, respiratory issues, hypoxia, etc.
lead exposure
source: contaminated air, food, soil, or flakes of paint
especially impacts children due to children absorbing more food & having a more
permeable blood-brain barrier.
children absorb lead into bones/teeth causing anemia, fragile red blood cells, and
inhibited bone healing.
, mercury exposure
source: fish and dental amalgams
effect: binds to proteins that damage the central nervous system, GI tract, kidneys, and
developing brains
symptoms: tremors, gingivitis, bizarre behavior, birth defects from in-utero exposure
arsenic exposure
source: naturally occurs in soil & water from wood preservatives and herbicides
effect: interferes with oxidative phosphorylation
symptoms: GI, cardio, and CNS disturbances
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
commonly caused by: coal, asbestos, beryllium (mineral dusts)
cancers associated with cigarette smoking
mouth, esophagus, larynx, lung, pancreas, bladder
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
smoking can cause this
ethanol toxicity mechanisms
- increased NADH/NAD+ ratio leads to fat accumulation in liver & lactic acidosis
- increased acetaldehyde leads to tachycardia & hyperventilation
- ethanol metabolism leads to ROS and lipid peroxidation in the liver
adverse drug reaction
INFECTIOUS DISEASES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
environmental disease
diseases caused by exposure to chemicals or physical agents in ambient, workplace, or
personal environment
toxicology
science of poisons, including distribution, effects, mechanisms, and physical agents
poison
dependent on dosage
how the body metabolizes exogenous chemicals
cytochrome P-450, which makes ROS
results of exposure to environmental toxins
1. excretion via urine or feces
2. cell injury that can cause heart disease, respiratory issues, hypoxia, etc.
lead exposure
source: contaminated air, food, soil, or flakes of paint
especially impacts children due to children absorbing more food & having a more
permeable blood-brain barrier.
children absorb lead into bones/teeth causing anemia, fragile red blood cells, and
inhibited bone healing.
, mercury exposure
source: fish and dental amalgams
effect: binds to proteins that damage the central nervous system, GI tract, kidneys, and
developing brains
symptoms: tremors, gingivitis, bizarre behavior, birth defects from in-utero exposure
arsenic exposure
source: naturally occurs in soil & water from wood preservatives and herbicides
effect: interferes with oxidative phosphorylation
symptoms: GI, cardio, and CNS disturbances
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
commonly caused by: coal, asbestos, beryllium (mineral dusts)
cancers associated with cigarette smoking
mouth, esophagus, larynx, lung, pancreas, bladder
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
smoking can cause this
ethanol toxicity mechanisms
- increased NADH/NAD+ ratio leads to fat accumulation in liver & lactic acidosis
- increased acetaldehyde leads to tachycardia & hyperventilation
- ethanol metabolism leads to ROS and lipid peroxidation in the liver
adverse drug reaction
