CEFM – NCC QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
UPDATED 2025 - 2026
What,are,some,important,factors,(risks),to,consider,when,evaluating,a,fetal,heart,rate,strip?,,ANS,-,--
*PNLs*,(abnormal?)
--weight,gain/loss
--Maternal,age
--*Gestational,age*
--*MATERNAL,vital,signs*
--*Membrane,status*
--*Cervical,exam*
What,are,the,easiest,ways,for,assessment,of,maternal,oxygenation,status?,,ANS,-
,*Pulse,Ox*,(&,other,vital,signs,,RR)
*Blood,gas*,(if,indicated,,asthma,exacerbation)
*Lung,soungs*,(pneumonia,,pulmonary,edema?)
What,effect,can,*HTN/Preeclampsia*,have,on,the,Placenta?,,ANS,-,*VASOCONSTRICTION*
which,adversely,effects,placental,perfusion,and,can,lead,to:
--*IUGR*
--*Infarcts*,(decreases,functional,area,of,the,placenta,&,functional,capacity)
Placental,Infarcts,,ANS,-,-,Necrosis,of,placental,villi
-,Anechoic,or,Hypoechoic,areas,in,placenta
Placental,infarcts,will,do,what,to,the,placental,function?,,ANS,-,*DECREASE,functional,area*,of,placenta
*DECREASE,functional,capacity*
What,effect,can,*Diabetes*,have,on,Placental,perfusion?,,ANS,-
,Secondary,to,*Maternal,Vasculopathy*,&,HYPERglycemia*,this,can,lead,to:
,*reduced,utero-placental,perfusion*,=,*IUGR*
What,can,change,for,fetal,energy,demands,when,you,have,a,"DIABETIC,mother",uncontrolled,and,there,is
,*Fetal,HYPERglycemia,&,HYPERinsulinemia*?,,ANS,-,Fetal,hyperglycemia,&,hyperinsulinemia,can,cause:
*Increased,fetal,O2,consumption*,which,may,induce,*fetal,hypoxemia,&,acidosis*,if,the,O2,needs,of,the,f
etus,are,not,met,by,the,placenta.
What,are,some,common,conditions,which,could,lead,to,a,*POOR,maternal,Oxygenation,status*?,,ANS,-
,Respiratory,DEPRESSION,(*Meds,or,Seizure*)
*Pulmonary,EMBOLISM*
*Pneumonia*
*Asthma*
*Atelectasis*
ARDS
*Smoking*
*ANEMIA*
What,are,some,examples,of,*collagen-vascular,diseases*?,HOw,does,these,effect,pregnancy?,,ANS,-
,*Rheumatoid,arthritis*
*Scleroderma*
*SLE*,(lupus)
=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
What,fetal,cardiac,condition,may,you,see,in,a,mother,with,*SLE*,(systemic,lupus,erythematosis)?,,ANS,-
,*Secondary,Heart,BLOCK*
*Renal,disease*,(CKD,,etc.),could,cause,what?,,ANS,-,*Maternal,VASOCONSTRICTION*
,=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
*Thyroid,Disease*,could,cause,what?,,ANS,-,*Maternal,VASOCONSTRICTION*
=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
What,is,the,concern,with,*cardiac,disease*,in,expectant,mothers?,,ANS,-,Cardiac,disease,----
>,impaired,cardiac,function,or,even,cardiac,failure,
--->,*Decrease,cardiac,output*,---->,decreased,blood,flow/oxygen,flow,through,placenta
IUGR,,etc.
What,are,some,common,causes,of,*Maternal,HYPOTENSION*?,,ANS,-,*Supine,hypotension*,of,pregnancy
*VASODILATION*,2/2,epidural
This,will,*DECREASE,O2,&,blood,flow,through,the,placenta*.
What,are,the,*Maternal*,'EXTRINSIC,factors',which,effect,delivery,of,bloos,&,availability,of,blood/O2,thro
ugh,placenta?,,ANS,-,1.,*Maternal,Oxygen,status*
--fetus,relies,on,the,ability,of,mother,to,be,well-oxygenated
Anything,that,interferes,with,maternal,oxygenation,has,the,potential,to,compromise,the,fetus.,
2.,*Maternal,HEMOGLOBIN,levels*,O2,is,released,from,the,maternal,Hgb,&,attaches,to,fetal,Hgb,(*O2,car
rying,capacity*)
3.,*Cardiac,OUTPUT*,--,decreased,CO,affects,blood,flow,to,the,uterus,&,placenta.
In,terms,of,Maternal,Oxygen,Status,,in,order,for,there,to,be,*adequate,arterial,oxygen,tension,(PaO2)*,--
,there,needs,to,be,what?,,ANS,-,PaO2,=,immediately,available,O2,for,exchange
, Needs,adequate,*maternal,ventilation,&,pulmonary,function*
What,are,the,*'Placental,factors'*,which,can,effect,the,efficiency,of,*Uteroplacental,perfusion*?,,ANS,-
,1.,'*UTERINE,Blood,flow*
2.,Damaged,chorionic,vessels*,(leaking,into,the,intervillouos,space)
3.,*Decrease,in,SIZE,or,functioning,area*,of,the,*Placenta*
4.,*Placental,Reserve*
There,can,be,Acute,vs.,Chronic,decreases,in,uteroplacental,function.
Describe,*Uterine,BLOOD,flow*,changes,during,pregnancy.,
--rate,,%,of,CO,,%,to,placenta,vs.,uterus,,ANS,-,UTERINE,BLOOD,FLOW:
-Nonpregnancy,rate,is,usually,50ml/min,,during,*pregnancy,=,700ml/min*!!
-*10-15%*,of,total,*cardiac,output*
*70-
90%*,of,this,blood,flow,goes,to,*PLACENTA/intervillous,space*,=,intervillous,space,perfusion,is,dependen
t,on,adequate,uterine,blood,flow.
Compare,Acute,vs.,Chronic,changes,in,uteroplacental,perfusion/function.,,ANS,-,*ACUTE*:
sudden,drop,in,placental,function,limits,O2,&,CO2,exchange,which,can,lead,to,
*fetal,asphyxia*
*CHRONIC*:
if,there,is,a,chronic,decrease,in,placental,function,this,may,be,more,likely,to,limit,*carbohydrate,transfer*,
&,can,lead,to,fetal,growth,restriction.
UPDATED 2025 - 2026
What,are,some,important,factors,(risks),to,consider,when,evaluating,a,fetal,heart,rate,strip?,,ANS,-,--
*PNLs*,(abnormal?)
--weight,gain/loss
--Maternal,age
--*Gestational,age*
--*MATERNAL,vital,signs*
--*Membrane,status*
--*Cervical,exam*
What,are,the,easiest,ways,for,assessment,of,maternal,oxygenation,status?,,ANS,-
,*Pulse,Ox*,(&,other,vital,signs,,RR)
*Blood,gas*,(if,indicated,,asthma,exacerbation)
*Lung,soungs*,(pneumonia,,pulmonary,edema?)
What,effect,can,*HTN/Preeclampsia*,have,on,the,Placenta?,,ANS,-,*VASOCONSTRICTION*
which,adversely,effects,placental,perfusion,and,can,lead,to:
--*IUGR*
--*Infarcts*,(decreases,functional,area,of,the,placenta,&,functional,capacity)
Placental,Infarcts,,ANS,-,-,Necrosis,of,placental,villi
-,Anechoic,or,Hypoechoic,areas,in,placenta
Placental,infarcts,will,do,what,to,the,placental,function?,,ANS,-,*DECREASE,functional,area*,of,placenta
*DECREASE,functional,capacity*
What,effect,can,*Diabetes*,have,on,Placental,perfusion?,,ANS,-
,Secondary,to,*Maternal,Vasculopathy*,&,HYPERglycemia*,this,can,lead,to:
,*reduced,utero-placental,perfusion*,=,*IUGR*
What,can,change,for,fetal,energy,demands,when,you,have,a,"DIABETIC,mother",uncontrolled,and,there,is
,*Fetal,HYPERglycemia,&,HYPERinsulinemia*?,,ANS,-,Fetal,hyperglycemia,&,hyperinsulinemia,can,cause:
*Increased,fetal,O2,consumption*,which,may,induce,*fetal,hypoxemia,&,acidosis*,if,the,O2,needs,of,the,f
etus,are,not,met,by,the,placenta.
What,are,some,common,conditions,which,could,lead,to,a,*POOR,maternal,Oxygenation,status*?,,ANS,-
,Respiratory,DEPRESSION,(*Meds,or,Seizure*)
*Pulmonary,EMBOLISM*
*Pneumonia*
*Asthma*
*Atelectasis*
ARDS
*Smoking*
*ANEMIA*
What,are,some,examples,of,*collagen-vascular,diseases*?,HOw,does,these,effect,pregnancy?,,ANS,-
,*Rheumatoid,arthritis*
*Scleroderma*
*SLE*,(lupus)
=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
What,fetal,cardiac,condition,may,you,see,in,a,mother,with,*SLE*,(systemic,lupus,erythematosis)?,,ANS,-
,*Secondary,Heart,BLOCK*
*Renal,disease*,(CKD,,etc.),could,cause,what?,,ANS,-,*Maternal,VASOCONSTRICTION*
,=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
*Thyroid,Disease*,could,cause,what?,,ANS,-,*Maternal,VASOCONSTRICTION*
=,maternal,*vasocontriction*,which,can,lead,to,interruptions,in,placental,&,uterine,blood,flow
--'IUGR'
What,is,the,concern,with,*cardiac,disease*,in,expectant,mothers?,,ANS,-,Cardiac,disease,----
>,impaired,cardiac,function,or,even,cardiac,failure,
--->,*Decrease,cardiac,output*,---->,decreased,blood,flow/oxygen,flow,through,placenta
IUGR,,etc.
What,are,some,common,causes,of,*Maternal,HYPOTENSION*?,,ANS,-,*Supine,hypotension*,of,pregnancy
*VASODILATION*,2/2,epidural
This,will,*DECREASE,O2,&,blood,flow,through,the,placenta*.
What,are,the,*Maternal*,'EXTRINSIC,factors',which,effect,delivery,of,bloos,&,availability,of,blood/O2,thro
ugh,placenta?,,ANS,-,1.,*Maternal,Oxygen,status*
--fetus,relies,on,the,ability,of,mother,to,be,well-oxygenated
Anything,that,interferes,with,maternal,oxygenation,has,the,potential,to,compromise,the,fetus.,
2.,*Maternal,HEMOGLOBIN,levels*,O2,is,released,from,the,maternal,Hgb,&,attaches,to,fetal,Hgb,(*O2,car
rying,capacity*)
3.,*Cardiac,OUTPUT*,--,decreased,CO,affects,blood,flow,to,the,uterus,&,placenta.
In,terms,of,Maternal,Oxygen,Status,,in,order,for,there,to,be,*adequate,arterial,oxygen,tension,(PaO2)*,--
,there,needs,to,be,what?,,ANS,-,PaO2,=,immediately,available,O2,for,exchange
, Needs,adequate,*maternal,ventilation,&,pulmonary,function*
What,are,the,*'Placental,factors'*,which,can,effect,the,efficiency,of,*Uteroplacental,perfusion*?,,ANS,-
,1.,'*UTERINE,Blood,flow*
2.,Damaged,chorionic,vessels*,(leaking,into,the,intervillouos,space)
3.,*Decrease,in,SIZE,or,functioning,area*,of,the,*Placenta*
4.,*Placental,Reserve*
There,can,be,Acute,vs.,Chronic,decreases,in,uteroplacental,function.
Describe,*Uterine,BLOOD,flow*,changes,during,pregnancy.,
--rate,,%,of,CO,,%,to,placenta,vs.,uterus,,ANS,-,UTERINE,BLOOD,FLOW:
-Nonpregnancy,rate,is,usually,50ml/min,,during,*pregnancy,=,700ml/min*!!
-*10-15%*,of,total,*cardiac,output*
*70-
90%*,of,this,blood,flow,goes,to,*PLACENTA/intervillous,space*,=,intervillous,space,perfusion,is,dependen
t,on,adequate,uterine,blood,flow.
Compare,Acute,vs.,Chronic,changes,in,uteroplacental,perfusion/function.,,ANS,-,*ACUTE*:
sudden,drop,in,placental,function,limits,O2,&,CO2,exchange,which,can,lead,to,
*fetal,asphyxia*
*CHRONIC*:
if,there,is,a,chronic,decrease,in,placental,function,this,may,be,more,likely,to,limit,*carbohydrate,transfer*,
&,can,lead,to,fetal,growth,restriction.
