PSYC 3002
Introduction to Basic Statistics
Comprehensive Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
- A. Standard deviation
- B. Variance
- C. Mean
- D. Range
- ANS: C. Mean
- Rationale: The mean is a measure of central tendency, while
standard deviation and variance are measures of dispersion, and
range is a measure of variability.
©2024/2025
,2. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within
one standard deviation of the mean?
- A. 50%
- B. 68%
- C. 95%
- D. 99.7%
- ANS: B. 68%
- Rationale: In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of
the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
3. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two
independent groups?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. Paired t-test
- C. Independent t-test
- D. ANOVA
- ANS: C. Independent t-test
- Rationale: The independent t-test is used to compare the
means of two independent groups.
4. What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
©2024/2025
, - A. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect
- B. The hypothesis that there is no significant effect
- C. The hypothesis that the sample size is adequate
- D. The hypothesis that the data is normally distributed
- ANS: B. The hypothesis that there is no significant effect
- Rationale: The null hypothesis states that there is no
significant effect or difference.
5. Which of the following is a non-parametric test?
- A. ANOVA
- B. Pearson correlation
- C. Mann-Whitney U test
- D. Linear regression
- ANS: C. Mann-Whitney U test
- Rationale: The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric
test used to compare differences between two independent groups.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The measure of how spread out the values in a data set are is
called __________.
- ANS: Variability
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Variability refers to the extent to which data
points in a data set differ from the mean or from each other.
7. A __________ is a graphical representation of the distribution
of a data set.
- ANS: Histogram
- Rationale: A histogram is used to graphically represent the
distribution of a data set.
8. The __________ is the middle value in a data set when the
values are arranged in ascending or descending order.
- ANS: Median
- Rationale: The median is the middle value that separates the
higher half from the lower half of the data set.
9. The __________ measures the strength and direction of the
linear relationship between two variables.
- ANS: Correlation coefficient
- Rationale: The correlation coefficient quantifies the degree
to which two variables are related.
10. The __________ is the probability of rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is true.
©2024/2025
Introduction to Basic Statistics
Comprehensive Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
- A. Standard deviation
- B. Variance
- C. Mean
- D. Range
- ANS: C. Mean
- Rationale: The mean is a measure of central tendency, while
standard deviation and variance are measures of dispersion, and
range is a measure of variability.
©2024/2025
,2. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within
one standard deviation of the mean?
- A. 50%
- B. 68%
- C. 95%
- D. 99.7%
- ANS: B. 68%
- Rationale: In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of
the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
3. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two
independent groups?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. Paired t-test
- C. Independent t-test
- D. ANOVA
- ANS: C. Independent t-test
- Rationale: The independent t-test is used to compare the
means of two independent groups.
4. What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
©2024/2025
, - A. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect
- B. The hypothesis that there is no significant effect
- C. The hypothesis that the sample size is adequate
- D. The hypothesis that the data is normally distributed
- ANS: B. The hypothesis that there is no significant effect
- Rationale: The null hypothesis states that there is no
significant effect or difference.
5. Which of the following is a non-parametric test?
- A. ANOVA
- B. Pearson correlation
- C. Mann-Whitney U test
- D. Linear regression
- ANS: C. Mann-Whitney U test
- Rationale: The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric
test used to compare differences between two independent groups.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The measure of how spread out the values in a data set are is
called __________.
- ANS: Variability
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Variability refers to the extent to which data
points in a data set differ from the mean or from each other.
7. A __________ is a graphical representation of the distribution
of a data set.
- ANS: Histogram
- Rationale: A histogram is used to graphically represent the
distribution of a data set.
8. The __________ is the middle value in a data set when the
values are arranged in ascending or descending order.
- ANS: Median
- Rationale: The median is the middle value that separates the
higher half from the lower half of the data set.
9. The __________ measures the strength and direction of the
linear relationship between two variables.
- ANS: Correlation coefficient
- Rationale: The correlation coefficient quantifies the degree
to which two variables are related.
10. The __________ is the probability of rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is true.
©2024/2025
