NSG 123 Medical Surgical Nursing I (HU) Comprehensive Exam Review Qns & Ans 2025

NSG 123

Medical Surgical Nursing I

Comprehensive Exam Review (Qns & Ans)

2025



1. Which of the following is a primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic mutation
- B. Viral infection
- C. Smoking
- D. Allergic reaction

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, - ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways
and lung tissue.


2. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of type 1
diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Excessive insulin production
- D. Increased glucagon secretion
- ANS: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.


3. Which of the following is a common complication of
hypertension?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Osteoporosis
- C. Stroke
- D. Anemia

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, - ANS: C. Stroke
- Rationale: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke due
to the increased pressure on blood vessels, leading to potential
rupture or blockage.


4. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A. Viral infection
- B. Coronary artery occlusion
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperlipidemia
- ANS: B. Coronary artery occlusion
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction, or heart attack, is
primarily caused by the occlusion of a coronary artery, leading to
reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle.


5. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of
Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Hyperactivity
- B. Memory loss
- C. Muscle weakness
- D. Joint pain
- ANS: B. Memory loss
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