NSG 120
Nursing Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic mutation
- B. Viral infection
- C. Smoking
- D. Allergic reaction
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways
and lung tissue.
2. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of type 1
diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Excessive insulin production
- D. Increased glucagon secretion
- ANS: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of
hypertension?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Osteoporosis
- C. Stroke
- D. Anemia
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Stroke
- Rationale: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke due
to the increased pressure on blood vessels, leading to potential
rupture or blockage.
4. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A. Viral infection
- B. Coronary artery occlusion
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperlipidemia
- ANS: B. Coronary artery occlusion
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction, or heart attack, is
primarily caused by the occlusion of a coronary artery, leading to
reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of
Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Hyperactivity
- B. Memory loss
- C. Muscle weakness
- D. Joint pain
- ANS: B. Memory loss
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by
progressive memory loss and cognitive decline due to the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in
the brain.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The process of programmed cell death is known as
__________.
- ANS: Apoptosis
- Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated process of programmed
cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms to maintain tissue
homeostasis.
7. A __________ is a localized collection of pus caused by
infection.
- ANS: Abscess
- Rationale: An abscess is a localized collection of pus
resulting from an infection, often accompanied by inflammation
and swelling.
8. The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney
responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
- ANS: Nephron
©2024/2025
Nursing Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a primary cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Genetic mutation
- B. Viral infection
- C. Smoking
- D. Allergic reaction
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Smoking
- Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD,
contributing to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways
and lung tissue.
2. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of type 1
diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Excessive insulin production
- D. Increased glucagon secretion
- ANS: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.
3. Which of the following is a common complication of
hypertension?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Osteoporosis
- C. Stroke
- D. Anemia
©2024/2025
, - ANS: C. Stroke
- Rationale: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke due
to the increased pressure on blood vessels, leading to potential
rupture or blockage.
4. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A. Viral infection
- B. Coronary artery occlusion
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperlipidemia
- ANS: B. Coronary artery occlusion
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction, or heart attack, is
primarily caused by the occlusion of a coronary artery, leading to
reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of
Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Hyperactivity
- B. Memory loss
- C. Muscle weakness
- D. Joint pain
- ANS: B. Memory loss
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by
progressive memory loss and cognitive decline due to the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in
the brain.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The process of programmed cell death is known as
__________.
- ANS: Apoptosis
- Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated process of programmed
cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms to maintain tissue
homeostasis.
7. A __________ is a localized collection of pus caused by
infection.
- ANS: Abscess
- Rationale: An abscess is a localized collection of pus
resulting from an infection, often accompanied by inflammation
and swelling.
8. The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney
responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
- ANS: Nephron
©2024/2025
