COMPREHENSIVE D115: 2025/2026,
EXAM WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Clinical manifestations of acute vs. chronic glomerulonephritis
include all of the following except: Hypercholesterolemia
Hematuria with RBC casts
Low serum albumin
Feedback: Hypercholesterolemia is seen in chronic
glomerulonephritis.
Edema
A child with Down's syndrome has had frequent respiratory tract
infections since birth. What should the APRN tell the parent is the
underlying cause of this illness?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children
with Down syndrome and can be severe enough to result in
aspiration of stomach contents, causing respiratory symptoms
such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and pneumonia
Heart failure pathophysiology is characterized by:
Inadequate cardiac output to meet oxygen and metabolic
demands of the body
,Feedback: Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in
which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet
the body's needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart
cannot keep up with its workload.
Interventions in microalbuminuria for a person with DM includes:
Improved glycemic control
Strict dyslipidemia control
Use of an optimized dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
Feedback: Glycemic and lipid control along with Initiation of ACE
inhibitor or ARB therapy should be considered in patients with
microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. The level of albuminuria
should be followed up during treatment, and doses of the ACE
inhibitor or ARB should be titrated upward to maximize the
beneficial effect on albuminuria
The FNP understands that a female patient with a complete or
partial absence of the second sex chromosome may also display
which of the following physical signs?
Ovarian failure
Feedback: Turner's syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2500
live births. It is diagnosed by complete or partial absence of the
second sex chromosome (45, X). Patients may also demonstrate
congenital lymphedema of hands and feet, webbed neck, high-
arched palate, and short fourth metacarpal. Short stature,
Ovarian failure, cardiovascular and renal issues, ear
malformations, and other health problems, as well as amenorrhea
due to premature ovarian failure
, An example of a disease that is caused by a chromosomal
deletion is cri du chat syndrome. Children affected with this
disorder commonly display which of the following symptoms?
Symptoms associated with cri du chat include low birth weight,
severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, and heart defects.
What type of immunity is the body's 3rd line of defense and
includes the primary characteristics of specificity and memory.
Adaptive
Feedback: The third line of defense in the human body is adaptive
(acquired) immunity.
The local manifestations of inflammation result from vascular
changes and the circulation of associated components into the
tissue. The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the
following:
Swelling, pain, heat, and redness are the cardinal signs of
inflammation.
Patients with trisomy of the 21st chromosome are also
predisposed to which of the following diseases, which is also
affected by alterations in the 21st chromosome?
Alzheimer Disease
Which assessment findings are typically associated with a
diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous?
Joint pain, malar rash, and photosensitivity
Feedback: The symptoms most often experiences with SLE are
arthritis, arthralgias, fatigue, Reynaud phenomenon, chronic low-
grade fever, sun sensitivity, hair loss, weakness, malar facial rash,
and weight loss.
EXAM WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Clinical manifestations of acute vs. chronic glomerulonephritis
include all of the following except: Hypercholesterolemia
Hematuria with RBC casts
Low serum albumin
Feedback: Hypercholesterolemia is seen in chronic
glomerulonephritis.
Edema
A child with Down's syndrome has had frequent respiratory tract
infections since birth. What should the APRN tell the parent is the
underlying cause of this illness?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Feedback: Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly seen in children
with Down syndrome and can be severe enough to result in
aspiration of stomach contents, causing respiratory symptoms
such as persistent coughing, wheezing, and pneumonia
Heart failure pathophysiology is characterized by:
Inadequate cardiac output to meet oxygen and metabolic
demands of the body
,Feedback: Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in
which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet
the body's needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart
cannot keep up with its workload.
Interventions in microalbuminuria for a person with DM includes:
Improved glycemic control
Strict dyslipidemia control
Use of an optimized dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
Feedback: Glycemic and lipid control along with Initiation of ACE
inhibitor or ARB therapy should be considered in patients with
microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. The level of albuminuria
should be followed up during treatment, and doses of the ACE
inhibitor or ARB should be titrated upward to maximize the
beneficial effect on albuminuria
The FNP understands that a female patient with a complete or
partial absence of the second sex chromosome may also display
which of the following physical signs?
Ovarian failure
Feedback: Turner's syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2500
live births. It is diagnosed by complete or partial absence of the
second sex chromosome (45, X). Patients may also demonstrate
congenital lymphedema of hands and feet, webbed neck, high-
arched palate, and short fourth metacarpal. Short stature,
Ovarian failure, cardiovascular and renal issues, ear
malformations, and other health problems, as well as amenorrhea
due to premature ovarian failure
, An example of a disease that is caused by a chromosomal
deletion is cri du chat syndrome. Children affected with this
disorder commonly display which of the following symptoms?
Symptoms associated with cri du chat include low birth weight,
severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, and heart defects.
What type of immunity is the body's 3rd line of defense and
includes the primary characteristics of specificity and memory.
Adaptive
Feedback: The third line of defense in the human body is adaptive
(acquired) immunity.
The local manifestations of inflammation result from vascular
changes and the circulation of associated components into the
tissue. The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the
following:
Swelling, pain, heat, and redness are the cardinal signs of
inflammation.
Patients with trisomy of the 21st chromosome are also
predisposed to which of the following diseases, which is also
affected by alterations in the 21st chromosome?
Alzheimer Disease
Which assessment findings are typically associated with a
diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous?
Joint pain, malar rash, and photosensitivity
Feedback: The symptoms most often experiences with SLE are
arthritis, arthralgias, fatigue, Reynaud phenomenon, chronic low-
grade fever, sun sensitivity, hair loss, weakness, malar facial rash,
and weight loss.
