AP United States History Unit 2 Holistic Notes
2. TRANSPLANTATIONS & THE BORDERLANDS
Roanoke fiasco shortly scared Eng. about colonization
- Easily fixed by the lure of the New World & propaganda (Hakluyt)
Fragile English settlements then were private ventures met w/ disaster
- Business enterprises, transplantations; unsuccessful
As English tried to apply culture, Americans created their one
Merchant class grew in Boston, New York, & Philly despite most colonies being agricultural
In the S., slavery for cash crops like… dominated
Most institutions only represented white males
1. The Early Chesapeake
James I’s charter(s) dividing America → Money issues
- Plymouth experiences failure & abandonment at Sagadahoc (ME)
- London(/Virginia) company quickly & decisively came to Virginia w/ 104/144 men
The Founding of Jamestown
There they established a colony in the Chesapeake Bay, “Jamestown” (1607)
- Wanted to avoid the consequences of Roanoke, but…
- Low, swampy, humid land that's vulnerable to outbreaks
- Hard to cultivated & surrounded by powerful Indians
Malaria debilitated the colony
Saw success in finding lumber, tar, pitch, iron for export; food wasn’t a priority
No woman = Hard to make a society, rarely intermarried, & nonexistent domestic lives
Gluttony = Disease → Hard to recover
1608, 0/104 survived
Colony survived due to John Smith
- Imposed work, order, organized raids w/i a year
Reorganization
1609, VA Company got a new charter = More power & land
Gained more capital by selling stock to “planters” willing to migrate & “adventurers” who share
profits
- Provided free passage to the colony for up to 600 poorer people → Disaster
- Hurricane weakening many, “starving time” (1609-10)
Local Indians tried to starved them by barricading them = Europeans fed on anything, even
bodies
May, 60/500 living residents abandoned the colony
Some turned around at the sight of a fleet of supplies & their 1st governor, Lord De La Warr
- *Imposed harsh discipline & organized work gangs
- Offenders to be flogged or hanged
Labor system wasn’t effective in the long run
- Work often evaded, successor Dale concluded to implement work incentives (Ex.
Ownership)
Colony survived & expanded despite its rigidness (Why?*)
- Also had discovered a survivable crop, tobacco
Tobacco
1600s, widely used in Eur. , but often criticized
1612, Jamestown planter Rolfe manipulated tobacco for a high quality version
- ↑ profitability, uncertainty, & labor demands, & territorial expansion
Expansion
^616, tobacco wasn’t profitable but soon was via campaign 2 years later
, - ^Headright system - 50/*100 acre grants to incoming & *existing settlers
- ^Transported various skilled craftsmen, woman w/ full rights & tobacco, & Africans →
Slavery
- House of Burgesses - 1st meeting, Jul. 30th, 1619
Expansion via suppressing natives
- Ex. 1614, Pocahontas kidnapped & became Chrsitan & married Rolfe until death after
not being ransomed by father
- Created peace until successor Opechancanough, brother killed 347 whites =
retreat (1 of 2)
VA Company filed bankruptcy, lost its charter, & died (1622/4, 1776)
Exchanges of Agricultural Technology
Suppression was due to “superiority”
- natives were at fault when something didn't go the white’s way
Spanish success was due to the natives in Mexico
Jamestown survived due to some native agricultural practices picked up by the English
- Ex. (Didn’t) natives killed trees as the English uprooted them to clear fields
- Ex. (Did) English discovering advantages of corn from the
Maryland & the Calverts
MD was envisioned by Catholic businessman, Geroge Calvert (Lord Baltimore, LB)
- Wanted it to be a venture & a retreat for oppressed Catholics by…
1632, 2nd LB son Cecilius received a charter including parts of PA, DE, & MD
LB named brother, Leonard, governor of a province
Mar. 1634, ~250 settler arrived & were helped by Indians who feared rival tubes
- Got food & shelter w/o plague & starving time
Encouraged Protestant settlement to make the colony profitable (Catholics now a minority)
- Religious toleration & friction (Ex. Catholics couldn’t vote & the Toleration Act was
repealed)
1640, ^was repeated due to labor shortages
Turbulent Virginia
1650s, grew more pretentious & populated w/ a complex economy
- Many tensions were how to respond to ↑ settlement W. into native lands
1642-70s, Berkeley was appointed governor by Charles I
- Sent explorers, defeated indians, & prohibited white settlement W. of a new border
- Failed due to the growing pop.
1640-50s, Cromwell won in the Civil War as pop. doubled & tripled by 1660; 40K
1652, peace was broken → Clashes
1660s, Berkeley reaches autocratic rule
- 1619, 17+ could vote; 1670, male landowners could in rare elections →
Misrepresentation in the backcountry =
Bacon’s Rebellion
Landowners disagreed w/ leaders on the region in the E.
- Esp. toward policies toward the natives; susceptible to attack
Policy meant to really protect Berkeley & his fur trade w/ the Indians
Bacon dissented exclusion from the governor’s council & fur trade
1675, series of attacks by Doeg Indians on the W. plantation → Fighting
- Bancon & other landowners held their own w/o the gov. = Rebels
Now the challenge faced the gov., thus the name
- Most powerful insurrection in the colonies before the Rev.
Bacon led an army to Jamestown twice; burning it down the 2nd time
- Planned to take command of virginia before suddenly dying = British troops regained
control
2. TRANSPLANTATIONS & THE BORDERLANDS
Roanoke fiasco shortly scared Eng. about colonization
- Easily fixed by the lure of the New World & propaganda (Hakluyt)
Fragile English settlements then were private ventures met w/ disaster
- Business enterprises, transplantations; unsuccessful
As English tried to apply culture, Americans created their one
Merchant class grew in Boston, New York, & Philly despite most colonies being agricultural
In the S., slavery for cash crops like… dominated
Most institutions only represented white males
1. The Early Chesapeake
James I’s charter(s) dividing America → Money issues
- Plymouth experiences failure & abandonment at Sagadahoc (ME)
- London(/Virginia) company quickly & decisively came to Virginia w/ 104/144 men
The Founding of Jamestown
There they established a colony in the Chesapeake Bay, “Jamestown” (1607)
- Wanted to avoid the consequences of Roanoke, but…
- Low, swampy, humid land that's vulnerable to outbreaks
- Hard to cultivated & surrounded by powerful Indians
Malaria debilitated the colony
Saw success in finding lumber, tar, pitch, iron for export; food wasn’t a priority
No woman = Hard to make a society, rarely intermarried, & nonexistent domestic lives
Gluttony = Disease → Hard to recover
1608, 0/104 survived
Colony survived due to John Smith
- Imposed work, order, organized raids w/i a year
Reorganization
1609, VA Company got a new charter = More power & land
Gained more capital by selling stock to “planters” willing to migrate & “adventurers” who share
profits
- Provided free passage to the colony for up to 600 poorer people → Disaster
- Hurricane weakening many, “starving time” (1609-10)
Local Indians tried to starved them by barricading them = Europeans fed on anything, even
bodies
May, 60/500 living residents abandoned the colony
Some turned around at the sight of a fleet of supplies & their 1st governor, Lord De La Warr
- *Imposed harsh discipline & organized work gangs
- Offenders to be flogged or hanged
Labor system wasn’t effective in the long run
- Work often evaded, successor Dale concluded to implement work incentives (Ex.
Ownership)
Colony survived & expanded despite its rigidness (Why?*)
- Also had discovered a survivable crop, tobacco
Tobacco
1600s, widely used in Eur. , but often criticized
1612, Jamestown planter Rolfe manipulated tobacco for a high quality version
- ↑ profitability, uncertainty, & labor demands, & territorial expansion
Expansion
^616, tobacco wasn’t profitable but soon was via campaign 2 years later
, - ^Headright system - 50/*100 acre grants to incoming & *existing settlers
- ^Transported various skilled craftsmen, woman w/ full rights & tobacco, & Africans →
Slavery
- House of Burgesses - 1st meeting, Jul. 30th, 1619
Expansion via suppressing natives
- Ex. 1614, Pocahontas kidnapped & became Chrsitan & married Rolfe until death after
not being ransomed by father
- Created peace until successor Opechancanough, brother killed 347 whites =
retreat (1 of 2)
VA Company filed bankruptcy, lost its charter, & died (1622/4, 1776)
Exchanges of Agricultural Technology
Suppression was due to “superiority”
- natives were at fault when something didn't go the white’s way
Spanish success was due to the natives in Mexico
Jamestown survived due to some native agricultural practices picked up by the English
- Ex. (Didn’t) natives killed trees as the English uprooted them to clear fields
- Ex. (Did) English discovering advantages of corn from the
Maryland & the Calverts
MD was envisioned by Catholic businessman, Geroge Calvert (Lord Baltimore, LB)
- Wanted it to be a venture & a retreat for oppressed Catholics by…
1632, 2nd LB son Cecilius received a charter including parts of PA, DE, & MD
LB named brother, Leonard, governor of a province
Mar. 1634, ~250 settler arrived & were helped by Indians who feared rival tubes
- Got food & shelter w/o plague & starving time
Encouraged Protestant settlement to make the colony profitable (Catholics now a minority)
- Religious toleration & friction (Ex. Catholics couldn’t vote & the Toleration Act was
repealed)
1640, ^was repeated due to labor shortages
Turbulent Virginia
1650s, grew more pretentious & populated w/ a complex economy
- Many tensions were how to respond to ↑ settlement W. into native lands
1642-70s, Berkeley was appointed governor by Charles I
- Sent explorers, defeated indians, & prohibited white settlement W. of a new border
- Failed due to the growing pop.
1640-50s, Cromwell won in the Civil War as pop. doubled & tripled by 1660; 40K
1652, peace was broken → Clashes
1660s, Berkeley reaches autocratic rule
- 1619, 17+ could vote; 1670, male landowners could in rare elections →
Misrepresentation in the backcountry =
Bacon’s Rebellion
Landowners disagreed w/ leaders on the region in the E.
- Esp. toward policies toward the natives; susceptible to attack
Policy meant to really protect Berkeley & his fur trade w/ the Indians
Bacon dissented exclusion from the governor’s council & fur trade
1675, series of attacks by Doeg Indians on the W. plantation → Fighting
- Bancon & other landowners held their own w/o the gov. = Rebels
Now the challenge faced the gov., thus the name
- Most powerful insurrection in the colonies before the Rev.
Bacon led an army to Jamestown twice; burning it down the 2nd time
- Planned to take command of virginia before suddenly dying = British troops regained
control
