BIOL373 - UNIT 5 - ENDOCRINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is a hormone? what does it regulate?
Chemical messenger secreted into the blood by specialized cells
regulates long-term and/or on-going functions (growth, metabolism, reproduction)
What do hormones regulate in target cells (3)?
1. enzyme activity
2. ion transport across a membrane
3. gene expression --> protein synthesis
Compare endogenous to exogenous
Endogenous --> generated within
Exogenous --> generated from outside
Compare exocrine and endocrine glands in terms of structure and what it
secretes
Exocrine --> invagination and duct to secrete enzymes into GI tract and mucus onto
cells
Endocrine --> surround blood vessels or capillary beds
What are the Classic Approaches of Endocrinology?
, 1. ablate (remove suspected gland)
2. replace (replace gland)
3. create situation of excess (isolate active substance)
What is a biological assay?
introduce putative hormone into biological systems (animals or tissue) and monitor
effect
major tool of endocrinologists!
What was the first example of endocrinology?
Removed testes from farm animals removed masculine behaviour and phenotype
experimental model --> male chickens
How was the first example of endocrinology tested? What were the results?
1. Castration --> Caponization (loss of masculine featuers)
2. Castration and reimplantation --> normal male development
3. Castration and transplantation --> normal male development
Determined it was not neurological! Was endocrinological!
What are the 4 features of a classic hormone?
1. secreted by a group of cells derived from epithelial tissue that form discrete glands
2. secreted into blood!
3. travel to distant targets
4. act at VERY low concentrations (10-9)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is a hormone? what does it regulate?
Chemical messenger secreted into the blood by specialized cells
regulates long-term and/or on-going functions (growth, metabolism, reproduction)
What do hormones regulate in target cells (3)?
1. enzyme activity
2. ion transport across a membrane
3. gene expression --> protein synthesis
Compare endogenous to exogenous
Endogenous --> generated within
Exogenous --> generated from outside
Compare exocrine and endocrine glands in terms of structure and what it
secretes
Exocrine --> invagination and duct to secrete enzymes into GI tract and mucus onto
cells
Endocrine --> surround blood vessels or capillary beds
What are the Classic Approaches of Endocrinology?
, 1. ablate (remove suspected gland)
2. replace (replace gland)
3. create situation of excess (isolate active substance)
What is a biological assay?
introduce putative hormone into biological systems (animals or tissue) and monitor
effect
major tool of endocrinologists!
What was the first example of endocrinology?
Removed testes from farm animals removed masculine behaviour and phenotype
experimental model --> male chickens
How was the first example of endocrinology tested? What were the results?
1. Castration --> Caponization (loss of masculine featuers)
2. Castration and reimplantation --> normal male development
3. Castration and transplantation --> normal male development
Determined it was not neurological! Was endocrinological!
What are the 4 features of a classic hormone?
1. secreted by a group of cells derived from epithelial tissue that form discrete glands
2. secreted into blood!
3. travel to distant targets
4. act at VERY low concentrations (10-9)
