BIOL371 MODULE 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Afferent
Relating to nerves that run from periphery into the CNS. All afferent nerves have
sensory function.
Autonomic (visceral)
The autonomic/visceral portion of the NS is the part of that innervates viscera
(abdominal and thoracic organs) and other non-somatic organs.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
A physiological concept that describes the way that many substances circulating within
blood are unable to diffuse or filter into CNS tissue (in contrast to most tissues in the
body), protecting the CNS from potential pathogens and neurotoxic substances. The
blood brain barrier is formed by the presence of extensive tight junctions between
endothelial cells lining capillaries within CNS tissue.
- maintained by astrocytes
Central Nervous System (CNS)
the brain and vertebrae
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
An aqueous fluid containing ions and secreted proteins which is generated in the
ventricles in the brain. It percolates through CNS tissue via the glymphatic system,
forming the ECF for CNS cells and reaches the subaracnoid space through the fourth
, ventricle.
- Protects brain from blunt trauma
- carries out waste from bain
Efferent
Relating to nerves that run from the CNS to peripheral structures, including (but not
only) muscles.
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules down their concentration gradients (i.e. according to diffusive
forces) when that molecule crosses a membrane using specific transmembrane
proteins.
Free Diffusion
The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient (i.e. according to
diffusive forces), through a membrane that is completely permeable to them
Glymphatic System
Cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system in the CNS. Comprised of interconnected
astroglia and the spaces around brain arteries, this system is primarily responsible for
waste removal in the brain
- like the lymphatic system but instead of lymph it deals with CSF
Meninges
Three layers of membranes beneath the bony skull and the vertebrae that help protect
the CNS by anchoring it in place and containing the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the
CNS.
The three meninges layers
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Afferent
Relating to nerves that run from periphery into the CNS. All afferent nerves have
sensory function.
Autonomic (visceral)
The autonomic/visceral portion of the NS is the part of that innervates viscera
(abdominal and thoracic organs) and other non-somatic organs.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
A physiological concept that describes the way that many substances circulating within
blood are unable to diffuse or filter into CNS tissue (in contrast to most tissues in the
body), protecting the CNS from potential pathogens and neurotoxic substances. The
blood brain barrier is formed by the presence of extensive tight junctions between
endothelial cells lining capillaries within CNS tissue.
- maintained by astrocytes
Central Nervous System (CNS)
the brain and vertebrae
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
An aqueous fluid containing ions and secreted proteins which is generated in the
ventricles in the brain. It percolates through CNS tissue via the glymphatic system,
forming the ECF for CNS cells and reaches the subaracnoid space through the fourth
, ventricle.
- Protects brain from blunt trauma
- carries out waste from bain
Efferent
Relating to nerves that run from the CNS to peripheral structures, including (but not
only) muscles.
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules down their concentration gradients (i.e. according to diffusive
forces) when that molecule crosses a membrane using specific transmembrane
proteins.
Free Diffusion
The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient (i.e. according to
diffusive forces), through a membrane that is completely permeable to them
Glymphatic System
Cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system in the CNS. Comprised of interconnected
astroglia and the spaces around brain arteries, this system is primarily responsible for
waste removal in the brain
- like the lymphatic system but instead of lymph it deals with CSF
Meninges
Three layers of membranes beneath the bony skull and the vertebrae that help protect
the CNS by anchoring it in place and containing the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the
CNS.
The three meninges layers
