MN 551 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his
right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather
than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain - ANSWER>>Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider
to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you
want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology
will underlie the care provider's response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose
levels, with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount
of glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests
low insulin levels. - ANSWER>>The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the
average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell.
A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that
insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of
insulin? - ANSWER>>Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are
currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where their
,daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of their
daughter's health problem to her parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas
secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she
inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and
treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in
herpancreas that produce insulin - ANSWER>>"The problem that underlies her diabetes is
that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the
body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with the central and
peripheral nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis.
C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one
effect on one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland. -
ANSWER>>Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism - ANSWER>>Hypothyroidism
,Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining
homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the
loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine,
which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. - ANSWER>>The adrenal cortical
hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ANSWER>>She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose
metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by the
kidneys.
, c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is
taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food
intake. - ANSWER>>Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache that has
become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and having an
examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis externa. Which of the
nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but antibiotics
that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear
swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of antibiotic
pills." - ANSWER>>"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important
not to use ear swabs."
A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his condition
has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors could
have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his
right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather
than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom?
A.) Burning
B.) Itching
c.) photophobia
D.) Severe pain - ANSWER>>Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider
to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you
want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology
will underlie the care provider's response to the patient?
A.)The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
B)Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose
levels, with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C)The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount
of glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
D)Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests
low insulin levels. - ANSWER>>The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the
average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell.
A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that
insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of
insulin? - ANSWER>>Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents are
currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital where their
,daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology of their
daughter's health problem to her parents?
A.) Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas
secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."
B.) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she
inherited."
C.) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and
treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
D.) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in
herpancreas that produce insulin - ANSWER>>"The problem that underlies her diabetes is
that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the
body?
A.) Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated with the central and
peripheral nervous systems.
B)Hormones directly initiate many of the processes that contribute to homeostasis.
C)Control of body processes is ensured by the fact that a single hormone can only exert one
effect on one specific system or tissue.
D)Each hormone that exists in the body is produced by only one specific endocrine gland. -
ANSWER>>Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or neurotransmitters.
What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
A.) Thyroid nodule
B.) Hyperthyroidism
C.) Myxedema
D.) Hypothyroidism - ANSWER>>Hypothyroidism
,Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in maintaining
homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for the
loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine,
which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. - ANSWER>>The adrenal cortical
hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ANSWER>>She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose
metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by the
kidneys.
, c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is
taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food
intake. - ANSWER>>Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache that has
become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and having an
examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis externa. Which of the
nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but antibiotics
that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use ear
swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of antibiotic
pills." - ANSWER>>"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important
not to use ear swabs."
A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his condition
has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors could
have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
