Prologue to The Canterbury Tales
Introduction
Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a cornerstone of English literature, showcasing a rich tapestry of
medieval society through its vivid characters and engaging storytelling. The General Prologue, serving as the
opening of the work, introduces the readers to the premise, the setting, and the group of pilgrims traveling together
to Canterbury. This note delves into the historical background, summary, thematic exploration, and detailed
analysis of the General Prologue, making it a comprehensive guide for students.
Historical Background of The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400), often regarded as the "Father of English Literature," wrote The Canterbury
Tales during the late 14th century. This was a period of significant cultural, social, and linguistic transformation in
England. The use of Middle English in Chaucer’s work marked a departure from the dominant literary languages
of the time, Latin and French, making literature accessible to the common people.
The General Prologue sets the stage for the pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury.
Pilgrimages were a common religious practice during the Middle Ages, and Chaucer uses this framework to bring
together a diverse group of characters, representing various social classes and professions.
Structure and Setting of the Prologue
The General Prologue begins with a vivid description of springtime, symbolizing renewal and the beginning of the
pilgrimage. Chaucer adopts a framing narrative, where the narrator, often interpreted as Chaucer himself, meets
29 pilgrims at the Tabard Inn in Southwark, near London. The host of the inn proposes a storytelling contest to
pass the time during their journey, and each pilgrim is to tell four tales—two on the way to Canterbury and two on
the return journey.
, Summary of the General Prologue
Opening Lines
The prologue opens with a celebration of spring. The rejuvenating weather inspires people to go on pilgrimages,
and this sets the scene for the journey to Canterbury.
> "When April with his showers sweet with fruit
The drought of March has pierced unto the root…"
Introduction of the Pilgrims
Chaucer introduces the pilgrims one by one, providing detailed descriptions of their appearances, personalities,
and social roles. These descriptions are often satirical, highlighting the virtues and flaws of each character.
Key Characters in the Prologue
The Knight
The Knight is the first character introduced, embodying the ideal of chivalry. He is noble, humble, and experienced
in battle, having fought in many crusades.
The Squire
The Squire, the Knight’s son, is a young and vibrant figure, characterized by his courtly love and artistic skills. He
contrasts with his father’s serious demeanor.
The Prioress
Madame Eglantine, the Prioress, is a nun who displays courtly manners and a love for worldly possessions. Her
delicate behavior and emphasis on appearance highlight Chaucer’s subtle critique of religious figures.
Introduction
Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a cornerstone of English literature, showcasing a rich tapestry of
medieval society through its vivid characters and engaging storytelling. The General Prologue, serving as the
opening of the work, introduces the readers to the premise, the setting, and the group of pilgrims traveling together
to Canterbury. This note delves into the historical background, summary, thematic exploration, and detailed
analysis of the General Prologue, making it a comprehensive guide for students.
Historical Background of The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400), often regarded as the "Father of English Literature," wrote The Canterbury
Tales during the late 14th century. This was a period of significant cultural, social, and linguistic transformation in
England. The use of Middle English in Chaucer’s work marked a departure from the dominant literary languages
of the time, Latin and French, making literature accessible to the common people.
The General Prologue sets the stage for the pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury.
Pilgrimages were a common religious practice during the Middle Ages, and Chaucer uses this framework to bring
together a diverse group of characters, representing various social classes and professions.
Structure and Setting of the Prologue
The General Prologue begins with a vivid description of springtime, symbolizing renewal and the beginning of the
pilgrimage. Chaucer adopts a framing narrative, where the narrator, often interpreted as Chaucer himself, meets
29 pilgrims at the Tabard Inn in Southwark, near London. The host of the inn proposes a storytelling contest to
pass the time during their journey, and each pilgrim is to tell four tales—two on the way to Canterbury and two on
the return journey.
, Summary of the General Prologue
Opening Lines
The prologue opens with a celebration of spring. The rejuvenating weather inspires people to go on pilgrimages,
and this sets the scene for the journey to Canterbury.
> "When April with his showers sweet with fruit
The drought of March has pierced unto the root…"
Introduction of the Pilgrims
Chaucer introduces the pilgrims one by one, providing detailed descriptions of their appearances, personalities,
and social roles. These descriptions are often satirical, highlighting the virtues and flaws of each character.
Key Characters in the Prologue
The Knight
The Knight is the first character introduced, embodying the ideal of chivalry. He is noble, humble, and experienced
in battle, having fought in many crusades.
The Squire
The Squire, the Knight’s son, is a young and vibrant figure, characterized by his courtly love and artistic skills. He
contrasts with his father’s serious demeanor.
The Prioress
Madame Eglantine, the Prioress, is a nun who displays courtly manners and a love for worldly possessions. Her
delicate behavior and emphasis on appearance highlight Chaucer’s subtle critique of religious figures.
