CSC 2770 Exam with 100% Correct
Answers
How is source code stored in the RAM of a system? - Correct Answers-As one byte
numbers ( 1s and 0s)
What is the difference between a binary and a text file? - Correct Answers-Text files are
in translated into normal text. Binary files are just 1s and 0s
What is a bit? What is a byte? How are they used to represent data? - Correct Answers-
Bit - Smallest piece of information
Byte - Smallest addressable info
They are used to represent data through binary.
What is machine language? - Correct Answers-The language that the computer can
directly understand and execute
What is an executable file? - Correct Answers-A file the computer can execute is made
up of machine language instructions
What is the compilation process? - Correct Answers-Preprocessor->compiler-
>assembler->linker
Why is important to understand compilation systems? - Correct Answers-Optimized
program performance
Understand link-time errors
Avoid security holes
Write mixed language programs
Understand how scoping works
What is a command shell? - Correct Answers-The shell is a command-line interpreter
that prints a prompt, waits for you to type a command line ,and then performs the
command.
How does a command shell behave when the user wants to execute a program? -
Correct Answers-When a user wants to execute a program in a command shell, the
shell searches for the program in the directories specified by the PATH environment
variable, then loads and executes the program using the available system resources.
, How does a computer treat types? - Correct Answers-A computer treats types as a way
to interpret or manipulate data based on its underlying representation and structure,
which determines how the computer stores, accesses, and operates on the data.
What are the type sizes on 64-bit for shorts, ints, and longs? - Correct Answers-
Windows: 2-4-4
Mac/Linux: 2-4-8
What is the program counter? - Correct Answers-Holds the memory address of the
instruction for each cycle
Explain the basic fetch-and-execute cycle of the CPU . - Correct Answers-The basic
fetch-and-execute cycle of the CPU involves fetching an instruction from memory,
decoding it to determine the operation to be performed, executing the operation, and
storing the result back in memory or in a register, and repeating the cycle for the next
instruction.
What is an instruction set architecture? - Correct Answers-An instruction set
architecture (ISA) is a specification that defines the set of instructions that a processor
can execute, including their encoding, syntax, and behavior.
What is the ALU? - Correct Answers-Part of the processor that computes new data and
address values
Describe the type of basic instructions found in an ISA. - Correct Answers-The basic
instructions found in an ISA typically include arithmetic and logic operations (such as
addition, subtraction, AND, and OR), data movement operations (such as load and
store), control flow operations (such as branch and jump), and special-purpose
operations (such as system calls and interrupt handling).
Describe the steps to executing a program. - Correct Answers-The shell reads in the
execute command -> The shell asks the OS to run the executable file -> The OS loads
the code and data of the executable file into the main memory -> The processor begins
executing the machine language instructions.
Define Caching. - Correct Answers-Caching is the process of storing frequently
accessed data or instructions in a faster, smaller memory closer to the processor in
order to reduce the average access time and improve performance.
Describe the purpose of an operating system. - Correct Answers-The operating system
has two primary purposes:
1. to efficiently and safely provide hardware and software resources to the applications
(their source management principle)
2. to provide applications with simple and uniform mechanisms for manipulating
complicated and often wildly different low-level hardware devices (the beautification
principle)
Answers
How is source code stored in the RAM of a system? - Correct Answers-As one byte
numbers ( 1s and 0s)
What is the difference between a binary and a text file? - Correct Answers-Text files are
in translated into normal text. Binary files are just 1s and 0s
What is a bit? What is a byte? How are they used to represent data? - Correct Answers-
Bit - Smallest piece of information
Byte - Smallest addressable info
They are used to represent data through binary.
What is machine language? - Correct Answers-The language that the computer can
directly understand and execute
What is an executable file? - Correct Answers-A file the computer can execute is made
up of machine language instructions
What is the compilation process? - Correct Answers-Preprocessor->compiler-
>assembler->linker
Why is important to understand compilation systems? - Correct Answers-Optimized
program performance
Understand link-time errors
Avoid security holes
Write mixed language programs
Understand how scoping works
What is a command shell? - Correct Answers-The shell is a command-line interpreter
that prints a prompt, waits for you to type a command line ,and then performs the
command.
How does a command shell behave when the user wants to execute a program? -
Correct Answers-When a user wants to execute a program in a command shell, the
shell searches for the program in the directories specified by the PATH environment
variable, then loads and executes the program using the available system resources.
, How does a computer treat types? - Correct Answers-A computer treats types as a way
to interpret or manipulate data based on its underlying representation and structure,
which determines how the computer stores, accesses, and operates on the data.
What are the type sizes on 64-bit for shorts, ints, and longs? - Correct Answers-
Windows: 2-4-4
Mac/Linux: 2-4-8
What is the program counter? - Correct Answers-Holds the memory address of the
instruction for each cycle
Explain the basic fetch-and-execute cycle of the CPU . - Correct Answers-The basic
fetch-and-execute cycle of the CPU involves fetching an instruction from memory,
decoding it to determine the operation to be performed, executing the operation, and
storing the result back in memory or in a register, and repeating the cycle for the next
instruction.
What is an instruction set architecture? - Correct Answers-An instruction set
architecture (ISA) is a specification that defines the set of instructions that a processor
can execute, including their encoding, syntax, and behavior.
What is the ALU? - Correct Answers-Part of the processor that computes new data and
address values
Describe the type of basic instructions found in an ISA. - Correct Answers-The basic
instructions found in an ISA typically include arithmetic and logic operations (such as
addition, subtraction, AND, and OR), data movement operations (such as load and
store), control flow operations (such as branch and jump), and special-purpose
operations (such as system calls and interrupt handling).
Describe the steps to executing a program. - Correct Answers-The shell reads in the
execute command -> The shell asks the OS to run the executable file -> The OS loads
the code and data of the executable file into the main memory -> The processor begins
executing the machine language instructions.
Define Caching. - Correct Answers-Caching is the process of storing frequently
accessed data or instructions in a faster, smaller memory closer to the processor in
order to reduce the average access time and improve performance.
Describe the purpose of an operating system. - Correct Answers-The operating system
has two primary purposes:
1. to efficiently and safely provide hardware and software resources to the applications
(their source management principle)
2. to provide applications with simple and uniform mechanisms for manipulating
complicated and often wildly different low-level hardware devices (the beautification
principle)
