CTRS EXAM (FOUNDATIONAL
KNOWLEDGE) WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE.
know when to take action and when to use self-restraint - ANS A CTRS who works with 3- to 5-
year-olds in a preschool program, uses Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development to
improve the age-appropriateness of his programs. Specifically he teaches the children to
Know when to take action and when to use self-restraint
Play games that require intra-group social interaction skills
Meet their own needs through intrinsically motivated play
Recognize their own strengths and weaknesses
reconcile limits and losses associated with aging and mortality - ANS A CTRS who works with
older adults in a long-term care facility, uses Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development to
develop age- and stage-appropriate programs. Specifically she provides programs that help
clients to
Increase co-morbidities and secondary conditions
Become more community- minded and less self-focused
Meet their own needs through intrinsically motivated leisure
Reconcile limits and losses associated with aging and mortality
motor behavior - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "sits
leaning forward on hands" belong?
language - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "asks why"
belong?
personal/social - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill
"plays simple nursery games" belong?
the underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities - ANS When individuals with
disabilities are categories and labeled (e.g., "the retarded," "the disabled"), it shows
Misconceptions about professionalism
The underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities
Inadequate information about health and illness
Religious beliefs toward perceived differences
social or verbal persuasion - ANS Which of the following strategies might a CTRS use to
improve the self-efficacy of her clients?
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Social or verbal persuasion
Large print materials
, lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health - ANS While a medical model of
health care focuses on the pathology of a person, the salutogenic model of health focuses on
Lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health
Social relationships that need to be terminated prior to full recovery
Total lifestyle environment to which the patient will return
Direct reimbursement of services
residents in a state mental health facility - ANS Which of the following client descriptions BEST
demonstrates the custodial or long-term care model of service delivery?
Individuals in acute psychiatric care
Day camp participants
Group home residents
Residents in a state mental health facility
body part, the whole person, and the person's social context - ANS According to the World
Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF),
services are needed at each of the following levels
Community, state, regional, and national
Body part, the whole person, and the person's social context
Medical, rehabilitation, and long-term care
Functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation
normalization - ANS An adult with an intellectual disability has the ability to participate in some
general recreation programs within the regular community-based recreation program. When the
CTRS helps the client enroll in one of these programs, which of following mainstreaming
principles is being applied?
Normalization
Deinstitutionalization
Least restrictive environment
Discharge planning
normalization - ANS The CTRS was offered free tickets for patients to attend a special
performance of a play during the afternoon, but instead chose to have the patients/clients pay and
attend a night performance. The CTRS was demonstrating which of the following mainstreaming
principles?
Integration
Normalization
Least restrictive environment
Deinstitutionalization
female teenagers with developmental disabilities play video games and listen to music - ANS
Which of the following is an example of a program based on the principle of "normalization"?
Older adults with sensory deficits are taken to a playground
Female teenagers with developmental disabilities play video games and listen to music
Youth in juvenile detention attend programs on vacationing overseas
KNOWLEDGE) WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025 UPDATE.
know when to take action and when to use self-restraint - ANS A CTRS who works with 3- to 5-
year-olds in a preschool program, uses Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development to
improve the age-appropriateness of his programs. Specifically he teaches the children to
Know when to take action and when to use self-restraint
Play games that require intra-group social interaction skills
Meet their own needs through intrinsically motivated play
Recognize their own strengths and weaknesses
reconcile limits and losses associated with aging and mortality - ANS A CTRS who works with
older adults in a long-term care facility, uses Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development to
develop age- and stage-appropriate programs. Specifically she provides programs that help
clients to
Increase co-morbidities and secondary conditions
Become more community- minded and less self-focused
Meet their own needs through intrinsically motivated leisure
Reconcile limits and losses associated with aging and mortality
motor behavior - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "sits
leaning forward on hands" belong?
language - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill "asks why"
belong?
personal/social - ANS Which one of the four categories of child development does the skill
"plays simple nursery games" belong?
the underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities - ANS When individuals with
disabilities are categories and labeled (e.g., "the retarded," "the disabled"), it shows
Misconceptions about professionalism
The underlying attitudes held toward individuals with disabilities
Inadequate information about health and illness
Religious beliefs toward perceived differences
social or verbal persuasion - ANS Which of the following strategies might a CTRS use to
improve the self-efficacy of her clients?
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Social or verbal persuasion
Large print materials
, lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health - ANS While a medical model of
health care focuses on the pathology of a person, the salutogenic model of health focuses on
Lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health
Social relationships that need to be terminated prior to full recovery
Total lifestyle environment to which the patient will return
Direct reimbursement of services
residents in a state mental health facility - ANS Which of the following client descriptions BEST
demonstrates the custodial or long-term care model of service delivery?
Individuals in acute psychiatric care
Day camp participants
Group home residents
Residents in a state mental health facility
body part, the whole person, and the person's social context - ANS According to the World
Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF),
services are needed at each of the following levels
Community, state, regional, and national
Body part, the whole person, and the person's social context
Medical, rehabilitation, and long-term care
Functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation
normalization - ANS An adult with an intellectual disability has the ability to participate in some
general recreation programs within the regular community-based recreation program. When the
CTRS helps the client enroll in one of these programs, which of following mainstreaming
principles is being applied?
Normalization
Deinstitutionalization
Least restrictive environment
Discharge planning
normalization - ANS The CTRS was offered free tickets for patients to attend a special
performance of a play during the afternoon, but instead chose to have the patients/clients pay and
attend a night performance. The CTRS was demonstrating which of the following mainstreaming
principles?
Integration
Normalization
Least restrictive environment
Deinstitutionalization
female teenagers with developmental disabilities play video games and listen to music - ANS
Which of the following is an example of a program based on the principle of "normalization"?
Older adults with sensory deficits are taken to a playground
Female teenagers with developmental disabilities play video games and listen to music
Youth in juvenile detention attend programs on vacationing overseas
