NURSE-UN 70
Anatomy & Physiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures in the brain is primarily
responsible for regulating homeostasis?
A) Cerebellum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Medulla Oblongata
ANS: B) Hypothalamus
©2024/2025
, Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in
maintaining homeostasis by regulating functions like temperature
control, thirst, and hormone production.
2. What primary component in the blood carries oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body?
A) Leukocytes
B) Platelets
C) Plasma
D) Hemoglobin
ANS: D) Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen,
facilitating its transport from the lungs to tissues throughout the
body.
3. Which of the following reflexes is controlled by the autonomic
nervous system?
A) Knee-jerk reflex
B) Withdrawal reflex
C) Pupillary light reflex
D) Postural reflex
©2024/2025
, ANS: C) Pupillary light reflex
Rationale: The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic response
to light exposure, controlling the dilation of the pupil.
4. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for
filtration?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Glomerulus
D) Distal convoluted tubule
ANS: C) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is the site of blood filtration in the
nephron where blood pressure forces water and solutes out of the
blood and into the renal tubule.
5. In which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular contraction
occur?
A) Diastole
B) Systole
C) Repolarization
©2024/2025
, D) Rest
ANS: B) Systole
Rationale: Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the
ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The _________ is the pacemaker of the heart, located in the
upper part of the right atrium.
ANS: Sinoatrial (SA) node
Rationale: The Sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses that
set the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat.
7. _________ is the process by which the body produces and uses
energy by breaking down food and converting it into cellular
energy.
ANS: Metabolism
Rationale: Metabolism encompasses all chemical processes that
occur within living organisms to maintain life, including energy
production and utilization.
©2024/2025
Anatomy & Physiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures in the brain is primarily
responsible for regulating homeostasis?
A) Cerebellum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Medulla Oblongata
ANS: B) Hypothalamus
©2024/2025
, Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in
maintaining homeostasis by regulating functions like temperature
control, thirst, and hormone production.
2. What primary component in the blood carries oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body?
A) Leukocytes
B) Platelets
C) Plasma
D) Hemoglobin
ANS: D) Hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen,
facilitating its transport from the lungs to tissues throughout the
body.
3. Which of the following reflexes is controlled by the autonomic
nervous system?
A) Knee-jerk reflex
B) Withdrawal reflex
C) Pupillary light reflex
D) Postural reflex
©2024/2025
, ANS: C) Pupillary light reflex
Rationale: The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic response
to light exposure, controlling the dilation of the pupil.
4. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for
filtration?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Glomerulus
D) Distal convoluted tubule
ANS: C) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is the site of blood filtration in the
nephron where blood pressure forces water and solutes out of the
blood and into the renal tubule.
5. In which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular contraction
occur?
A) Diastole
B) Systole
C) Repolarization
©2024/2025
, D) Rest
ANS: B) Systole
Rationale: Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the
ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The _________ is the pacemaker of the heart, located in the
upper part of the right atrium.
ANS: Sinoatrial (SA) node
Rationale: The Sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses that
set the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat.
7. _________ is the process by which the body produces and uses
energy by breaking down food and converting it into cellular
energy.
ANS: Metabolism
Rationale: Metabolism encompasses all chemical processes that
occur within living organisms to maintain life, including energy
production and utilization.
©2024/2025
