Inhoudsopgave
1 Lecture week 1: Evolution of EU social policy......................................................................................3
2 Lecture week 2: Interaction EU and national labour law.....................................................................4
Prescribed materials ..........................................................................................................................4
Case law .........................................................................................................................................4
3 Lecture week 3: The worker and the self-employed............................................................................8
Preparation.........................................................................................................................................8
Case law..........................................................................................................................................8
Notes lecture......................................................................................................................................9
4 Lecture week 4: Rome I Regulation....................................................................................................11
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................11
Literature......................................................................................................................................11
Case law .......................................................................................................................................11
Homework........................................................................................................................................12
Assignment 1 VRAGEN EU LEGISLATION BIJ TENTAMEN...............................................................12
Statement.....................................................................................................................................13
Notes................................................................................................................................................14
Rome I Regulation.........................................................................................................................14
5. Lecture 14-03-2024 Posted Workers.................................................................................................17
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................17
Knowledge clip..............................................................................................................................17
Homework....................................................................................................................................17
Notes................................................................................................................................................18
Introduction to art. 56 TFEU.........................................................................................................18
Competing interests......................................................................................................................19
Directive 96/71 as amended (PWD)..............................................................................................19
IV. Agency workers........................................................................................................................20
V. Enforcement Directive..............................................................................................................20
6. Lecture 21-3-2024.............................................................................................................................21
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................21
Case law........................................................................................................................................21
Homework....................................................................................................................................22
Notes lecture....................................................................................................................................24
The concept of discrimination......................................................................................................24
7. Lecture 28-3-2024.............................................................................................................................25
, Preparation.......................................................................................................................................25
Case law........................................................................................................................................25
Homework........................................................................................................................................26
Notes................................................................................................................................................28
8. Flexible employment relationships...................................................................................................30
Prescribed materials.........................................................................................................................30
Literature......................................................................................................................................30
Case law........................................................................................................................................30
Case..................................................................................................................................................30
Notes................................................................................................................................................33
9. Sustainable work..............................................................................................................................35
Homework........................................................................................................................................35
Notes................................................................................................................................................36
Responsiecollege..................................................................................................................................38
QUESTION 1 (30 points)....................................................................................................................38
QUESTION 2 (30 points)....................................................................................................................39
QUESTION 3 (20 points)....................................................................................................................40
STATEMENT (20 points).....................................................................................................................40
,1 Lecture week 1: Evolution of EU social policy
Shared competence: unanimity hard to find. Excluded competence: strike law, enforcement,
minimum wages
Characteristics of labour law directive: they are all minimum directives: the minimums of directives
have to be transposed BUT still the minimum of the directives is the EU social policy
Court of Justice judges on whether something is in favour of a directive; and then the national judge
has to implement the explanation in like of the national law. Even if it is a minimum directive, the
judgement applies to all the MS. You have to comply with the decision of the ECJ. ECJ makes sure that
there is some kind of a standard throughout the EU. creates some European social policy.
MS NEED each other. But MS are afraid of 1 unanimous term of ‘worker’ and loss of sovereignty.
, 2 Lecture week 2: Interaction EU and national labour law
Prescribed materials
Case law
ECJ 11 December 2007, C-438/05(Viking)
A collective action with a cross-border element has to respect the freedom of establishment (para
47). The Allonby exception does not apply here (paras 50-51). Also, this freedom has horizontal direct
effect (para 61).
Restriction: a collective action which is liable to hamper or make less attractive the exercise of the
freedom of establishment constitutes a restriction on this freedom (paras 72-74).
Justification: a restriction on the freedom of establishment can be justified by an overriding reason in
the public interest when it is appropriate and necessary (para 75).
Overriding reason in the public interest: the protection of workers is an overriding reason in the
public interest (para 77).
Appropriateness: a collective action is appropriate for the protection of workers (para 86).
Necessity: a collective action is necessary when it is used as a last resort (para 87).
Shocking: market freedoms go far, further than protection of workers. Strike was used too early in
process and therefore went further than necessary.
ECJ 19 January 2010, C-555/07 (Kücükdeveci)
Directives cannot have horizontal direct effect (para 46).
National courts are required to interpret a national implementation of a directive – as far as possible
– in the light of the wording and the purpose of the directive (para 48).
A directive provision in conjunction with a fundamental right – such as the principle of non-
discrimination – is eligible for horizontal direct effect, in which case any conflicting national provision
has to be disapplied (paras 50-51).
ECJ 15 January 2014, C-176/12 (AMS)
A directive provision – where a MS has failed the directive’s implementation – is eligible for vertical
direct effect when it is unconditional and sufficiently precise (para 31).
A Charter provision is eligible for horizontal direct effect when it is sufficient in itself to confer on
individuals an individual right, which art. 27 of the Charter is not (para 49), as it has to be given a
more specific expression in legislation (para 45).
ECJ 21 December 2016, C-201/15 (AGET Iraklis)
Directive 98/59 is deprived of its practical effect when a national measure rules out any actual
possibility of collective redundancy (paras 37-38).
Restriction: a national measure which attaches material conditions to collective redundancy is liable
to hamper of make less attractive the exercise of the freedom of establishment and therefore
constitutes a restriction on this freedom (paras 56-57).
Justification: a restriction on the freedom of establishment can be justified by an overriding reason in
the public interest when it is appropriate and necessary (para 61).
1 Lecture week 1: Evolution of EU social policy......................................................................................3
2 Lecture week 2: Interaction EU and national labour law.....................................................................4
Prescribed materials ..........................................................................................................................4
Case law .........................................................................................................................................4
3 Lecture week 3: The worker and the self-employed............................................................................8
Preparation.........................................................................................................................................8
Case law..........................................................................................................................................8
Notes lecture......................................................................................................................................9
4 Lecture week 4: Rome I Regulation....................................................................................................11
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................11
Literature......................................................................................................................................11
Case law .......................................................................................................................................11
Homework........................................................................................................................................12
Assignment 1 VRAGEN EU LEGISLATION BIJ TENTAMEN...............................................................12
Statement.....................................................................................................................................13
Notes................................................................................................................................................14
Rome I Regulation.........................................................................................................................14
5. Lecture 14-03-2024 Posted Workers.................................................................................................17
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................17
Knowledge clip..............................................................................................................................17
Homework....................................................................................................................................17
Notes................................................................................................................................................18
Introduction to art. 56 TFEU.........................................................................................................18
Competing interests......................................................................................................................19
Directive 96/71 as amended (PWD)..............................................................................................19
IV. Agency workers........................................................................................................................20
V. Enforcement Directive..............................................................................................................20
6. Lecture 21-3-2024.............................................................................................................................21
Preparation.......................................................................................................................................21
Case law........................................................................................................................................21
Homework....................................................................................................................................22
Notes lecture....................................................................................................................................24
The concept of discrimination......................................................................................................24
7. Lecture 28-3-2024.............................................................................................................................25
, Preparation.......................................................................................................................................25
Case law........................................................................................................................................25
Homework........................................................................................................................................26
Notes................................................................................................................................................28
8. Flexible employment relationships...................................................................................................30
Prescribed materials.........................................................................................................................30
Literature......................................................................................................................................30
Case law........................................................................................................................................30
Case..................................................................................................................................................30
Notes................................................................................................................................................33
9. Sustainable work..............................................................................................................................35
Homework........................................................................................................................................35
Notes................................................................................................................................................36
Responsiecollege..................................................................................................................................38
QUESTION 1 (30 points)....................................................................................................................38
QUESTION 2 (30 points)....................................................................................................................39
QUESTION 3 (20 points)....................................................................................................................40
STATEMENT (20 points).....................................................................................................................40
,1 Lecture week 1: Evolution of EU social policy
Shared competence: unanimity hard to find. Excluded competence: strike law, enforcement,
minimum wages
Characteristics of labour law directive: they are all minimum directives: the minimums of directives
have to be transposed BUT still the minimum of the directives is the EU social policy
Court of Justice judges on whether something is in favour of a directive; and then the national judge
has to implement the explanation in like of the national law. Even if it is a minimum directive, the
judgement applies to all the MS. You have to comply with the decision of the ECJ. ECJ makes sure that
there is some kind of a standard throughout the EU. creates some European social policy.
MS NEED each other. But MS are afraid of 1 unanimous term of ‘worker’ and loss of sovereignty.
, 2 Lecture week 2: Interaction EU and national labour law
Prescribed materials
Case law
ECJ 11 December 2007, C-438/05(Viking)
A collective action with a cross-border element has to respect the freedom of establishment (para
47). The Allonby exception does not apply here (paras 50-51). Also, this freedom has horizontal direct
effect (para 61).
Restriction: a collective action which is liable to hamper or make less attractive the exercise of the
freedom of establishment constitutes a restriction on this freedom (paras 72-74).
Justification: a restriction on the freedom of establishment can be justified by an overriding reason in
the public interest when it is appropriate and necessary (para 75).
Overriding reason in the public interest: the protection of workers is an overriding reason in the
public interest (para 77).
Appropriateness: a collective action is appropriate for the protection of workers (para 86).
Necessity: a collective action is necessary when it is used as a last resort (para 87).
Shocking: market freedoms go far, further than protection of workers. Strike was used too early in
process and therefore went further than necessary.
ECJ 19 January 2010, C-555/07 (Kücükdeveci)
Directives cannot have horizontal direct effect (para 46).
National courts are required to interpret a national implementation of a directive – as far as possible
– in the light of the wording and the purpose of the directive (para 48).
A directive provision in conjunction with a fundamental right – such as the principle of non-
discrimination – is eligible for horizontal direct effect, in which case any conflicting national provision
has to be disapplied (paras 50-51).
ECJ 15 January 2014, C-176/12 (AMS)
A directive provision – where a MS has failed the directive’s implementation – is eligible for vertical
direct effect when it is unconditional and sufficiently precise (para 31).
A Charter provision is eligible for horizontal direct effect when it is sufficient in itself to confer on
individuals an individual right, which art. 27 of the Charter is not (para 49), as it has to be given a
more specific expression in legislation (para 45).
ECJ 21 December 2016, C-201/15 (AGET Iraklis)
Directive 98/59 is deprived of its practical effect when a national measure rules out any actual
possibility of collective redundancy (paras 37-38).
Restriction: a national measure which attaches material conditions to collective redundancy is liable
to hamper of make less attractive the exercise of the freedom of establishment and therefore
constitutes a restriction on this freedom (paras 56-57).
Justification: a restriction on the freedom of establishment can be justified by an overriding reason in
the public interest when it is appropriate and necessary (para 61).
