ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY AND DISCOVERY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY AND DISCOVERY Alexander Flemming discovered - Answer- penicillin Antibiotics are - Answer- chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes broad spectrum antimicrobials - Answer- affect a wide range of bacteria important for acute diseases affect microbiota can leave host predisposed for other infections narrow spectrum antimicrobials - Answer- -affect limited range -requires identification of pathogen, testing for sensitivity -less disruptive to normal microbiota use things like Kirby-Bauer test to see antimicrobial mechanisms of action - Answer- affect one aspect which include: -cell wall synthesis -cell membrane integrity -dna synthesis -rna synthesis -protein synthesis -metabolism selective toxicity - Answer- A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host therapeutic index - Answer- lowest dose toxic to the patient/ the dose typically used for therapy high=less toxic low=careful monitoring needed Bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer- inhibit growth of bacteria bactericidal antibiotics - Answer- kills bacteria penicillins - Answer- are B-lactam antibiotics interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis more effective with gram positive derivatives have been made to go through outer membrane of gram neg, natural antibiotics - Answer- compounds isolated from organisms (mold, fungi, bacteria) semisynthetic antibiotics - Answer- are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory synthetic antibiotics - Answer- made in the lab based on original designs from microbial