Microbiology Exam 3
Taxonomy - *answers *The science of classifying living things. a viral species with the
same genetic info and ecological niche that infects the same host.
Similar organisms and bacteria are placed in the same? - *answers *taxa
Phylogeny - *answers *Also called systemics. is the study of the evolutionary history of
a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic relationship - *answers *organisms with a common ancestor.
In 1937 what word was introduced and has no nucleus? - *answers *Prokaryote
Types of prokaryotes - *answers *archaea and bacteria
Archaea have no what and live where? - *answers *peptidoglycan and live in extreme
places
Do archaea cause disease? - *answers *no
Prokaryotic Species - *answers *a population of cells with similar characteristics.
Prokaryotic species have what percent DNA Homology - *answers *70
What do prokaryotes need to be considered prokaryotic species - *answers *need to be
able to reproduce sexually and create viable offspring
Examples of prokaryotic species characteristics - *answers *gram stains or spores.
How do bacteria reproduce - *answers *Asexually by binary fission or budding
Thermotoga Maritina - *answers *one of the earliest cells that has genes similar to
bacteria and archaea. It is found deep in the ocean.
Endosymbiotic - *answers *a smaller organism that lives within another organism, the
theory of how eukaryotic cells were formed. prokaryotes gave rise to the mitochondria
and chloroplast.
Bergey's manual - *answers *The definitive published source of descriptions for
bacterial and archaea classification.
Strain - *answers *collection of cells derived from a single cell.
Strain example - *answers *Many strains of ecoli but not all make you sick.
Prokaryotes cant be identified based on morphological characteristics so we use: -
*answers *metabolic reactions, cell wall structure, differential staining, source, habitat.
, Microbiology Exam 3
Rapid ID method for bacteria - *answers *this is based on DNA guanine and cytosine
percentages.
Description of Percent GC content - *answers *quick and easy way that only takes less
than an hour to do. You burn the bacteria and then identify it. Similar to PCR test used
for covid.
Viruses are describes as having - *answers *cool sizes and shapes
How can you see viruses? - *answers *using an electron microscope.
how much smaller are viruses than bacteria - *answers *1000x smaller
Virus Bacteria can infect what - *answers *every living thing
Virus are only alive when? - *answers *they are within a cell (multiply in the cell)
What makes up a virus - *answers *either DNA or RNA and a protein coat
Virus are sensitive to what? - *answers *interferon
Virus are not sensitive to what? - *answers *antibiotics
Host range - *answers *The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect
and parasitize. Only infect one host.
Broad host range - *answers *Infection of multiple cells in a living species body.
(rabies)
Baceriophage - *answers *Also called phage. Those that infect bacteria.
Viron - *answers *A complete virus. When a virus is being formed and when it is
complete or done being made.
Viruses are sequenced by? - *answers *DNA or RNA
Parts of a Virus - *answers *nucleic acid, capsid, envelope
Nucleic acid - *answers *Can either be DNA or RNA but not both
Either double or single stranded
linear or circular shape
a few thousand to 250,000 nucleotides
DNA and RNA can be what kind of strand - *answers *DNA can be single stranded and
RNA can be doubles stranded
Taxonomy - *answers *The science of classifying living things. a viral species with the
same genetic info and ecological niche that infects the same host.
Similar organisms and bacteria are placed in the same? - *answers *taxa
Phylogeny - *answers *Also called systemics. is the study of the evolutionary history of
a group of organisms.
Phylogenetic relationship - *answers *organisms with a common ancestor.
In 1937 what word was introduced and has no nucleus? - *answers *Prokaryote
Types of prokaryotes - *answers *archaea and bacteria
Archaea have no what and live where? - *answers *peptidoglycan and live in extreme
places
Do archaea cause disease? - *answers *no
Prokaryotic Species - *answers *a population of cells with similar characteristics.
Prokaryotic species have what percent DNA Homology - *answers *70
What do prokaryotes need to be considered prokaryotic species - *answers *need to be
able to reproduce sexually and create viable offspring
Examples of prokaryotic species characteristics - *answers *gram stains or spores.
How do bacteria reproduce - *answers *Asexually by binary fission or budding
Thermotoga Maritina - *answers *one of the earliest cells that has genes similar to
bacteria and archaea. It is found deep in the ocean.
Endosymbiotic - *answers *a smaller organism that lives within another organism, the
theory of how eukaryotic cells were formed. prokaryotes gave rise to the mitochondria
and chloroplast.
Bergey's manual - *answers *The definitive published source of descriptions for
bacterial and archaea classification.
Strain - *answers *collection of cells derived from a single cell.
Strain example - *answers *Many strains of ecoli but not all make you sick.
Prokaryotes cant be identified based on morphological characteristics so we use: -
*answers *metabolic reactions, cell wall structure, differential staining, source, habitat.
, Microbiology Exam 3
Rapid ID method for bacteria - *answers *this is based on DNA guanine and cytosine
percentages.
Description of Percent GC content - *answers *quick and easy way that only takes less
than an hour to do. You burn the bacteria and then identify it. Similar to PCR test used
for covid.
Viruses are describes as having - *answers *cool sizes and shapes
How can you see viruses? - *answers *using an electron microscope.
how much smaller are viruses than bacteria - *answers *1000x smaller
Virus Bacteria can infect what - *answers *every living thing
Virus are only alive when? - *answers *they are within a cell (multiply in the cell)
What makes up a virus - *answers *either DNA or RNA and a protein coat
Virus are sensitive to what? - *answers *interferon
Virus are not sensitive to what? - *answers *antibiotics
Host range - *answers *The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect
and parasitize. Only infect one host.
Broad host range - *answers *Infection of multiple cells in a living species body.
(rabies)
Baceriophage - *answers *Also called phage. Those that infect bacteria.
Viron - *answers *A complete virus. When a virus is being formed and when it is
complete or done being made.
Viruses are sequenced by? - *answers *DNA or RNA
Parts of a Virus - *answers *nucleic acid, capsid, envelope
Nucleic acid - *answers *Can either be DNA or RNA but not both
Either double or single stranded
linear or circular shape
a few thousand to 250,000 nucleotides
DNA and RNA can be what kind of strand - *answers *DNA can be single stranded and
RNA can be doubles stranded
