BIOL 2113 QUESTIONS AND ASWERS LATEST UPDATE
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Anatomy
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Physiology
Study of function of body parts: how they work to carry out life sustaining activities
Gross or macroscopic anatomy
3 types
Regional Anatomy
System Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Gross or macroscopic anatomy
Regional Anatomy: looks at structures in a particular are of the body)
System Anatomy: looks at just one system
ex: cardio, nervous, muscular
Surface Anatomy: looks at the internal structure as they relate to the overlying skin)
Microscopic Anatomy
Cytology: Study of cells
Histology: Study of tissues
Developmental Anatomy
Studies the anatomical and physiological development throughout life
Ex: Embryology-Study of development before birth
To study anatomy one must know anatomical terminology and be able to:
Observe
Manipulate
Palpate
Auscultate
Complementary of Structure & Function
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable
Function reflects structure.
What a structure can do depends on its specific form.
Know as the principle of complementary of structure and function.
Structural Levels
There are 6 structural levels
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ system Level
Organismal level
Chemical Level
Atom, molecules, organelles
, Cellular Level
Single cell
Tissue Level
Group of similar cells
Organ Level
2 or more types of tissue
Organ System Level
Organs that work closely together
Organismal Level
All organ systems combines to make the whole organism
Requirement of Life
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Maintaining Boundaries
Separation between internal and external environments.
Plasma membranes
Skin separates organism from environment
Responsiveness
Ability to sense and respond to stimuli.
Withdrawal reflex prevents injury
Controls breathing ate which must change in response to different activities.
Digestion
Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs by absorption of simple molecules into blood.
Metabolism
All chemical reactions that occur in body cells.
*sum of all catabolism(breakdown of molecules) and anabolism(synthesis of molecules)
and anabolism(synthesis of moecules)
Excretion
Urea( breakdown proteins)
Carbon dioxide( metabolism)
Feces( unabsorbed foods)
Reproduction
At Cellular Level involve division of cells for growth or repair
At Organismal Level involves the production of an offspring
Growth
Increase in size of a body part or of organism
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Anatomy
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Physiology
Study of function of body parts: how they work to carry out life sustaining activities
Gross or macroscopic anatomy
3 types
Regional Anatomy
System Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Gross or macroscopic anatomy
Regional Anatomy: looks at structures in a particular are of the body)
System Anatomy: looks at just one system
ex: cardio, nervous, muscular
Surface Anatomy: looks at the internal structure as they relate to the overlying skin)
Microscopic Anatomy
Cytology: Study of cells
Histology: Study of tissues
Developmental Anatomy
Studies the anatomical and physiological development throughout life
Ex: Embryology-Study of development before birth
To study anatomy one must know anatomical terminology and be able to:
Observe
Manipulate
Palpate
Auscultate
Complementary of Structure & Function
Anatomy and physiology are inseparable
Function reflects structure.
What a structure can do depends on its specific form.
Know as the principle of complementary of structure and function.
Structural Levels
There are 6 structural levels
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ system Level
Organismal level
Chemical Level
Atom, molecules, organelles
, Cellular Level
Single cell
Tissue Level
Group of similar cells
Organ Level
2 or more types of tissue
Organ System Level
Organs that work closely together
Organismal Level
All organ systems combines to make the whole organism
Requirement of Life
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Maintaining Boundaries
Separation between internal and external environments.
Plasma membranes
Skin separates organism from environment
Responsiveness
Ability to sense and respond to stimuli.
Withdrawal reflex prevents injury
Controls breathing ate which must change in response to different activities.
Digestion
Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs by absorption of simple molecules into blood.
Metabolism
All chemical reactions that occur in body cells.
*sum of all catabolism(breakdown of molecules) and anabolism(synthesis of molecules)
and anabolism(synthesis of moecules)
Excretion
Urea( breakdown proteins)
Carbon dioxide( metabolism)
Feces( unabsorbed foods)
Reproduction
At Cellular Level involve division of cells for growth or repair
At Organismal Level involves the production of an offspring
Growth
Increase in size of a body part or of organism
