BIOL 2113 QUESTIONS AND ASWERS LATEST UPDATE
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Anatomical position
Body Erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the
body
Directional Terms
Describe one body structure in relation to another body structure.
Direction is always based on standard anatomical form position.
Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not right and left of the observer.
Superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a body structure or the body: above
Inferior
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
Anterior
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the middle of the body; on the inner side
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body on the outer side of.
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
Distal
Farther from the origin of body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk.
Superficial
Toward or at the body surface.
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal.
Transverse Plane
Curts people in half in the waist
Divides body horizontally (90 to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts ( top and
bottom)
Produces cross section
Coronal Plane
Front half and back half.
Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts ( front and back)
Produces a frontal and coronal section.
, Sagittal Plane
Cut in middle into left and right
Divides body vertically into right and left parts
Produces a sagittal section if cut along this plane
2 Major disions of the body
Axial
Appendicular
Axial
`Head, Neck, Trunk
Appendicualr
Limbs ( legs and arms)
Regional Terms
Designated specific areas within the body divisions.
Body planes and sections.
3 most common planes
Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal
Oblique
Diagonally between horizontal and the vertical planes.
Midsagittal Plane
Cut was made perfectly on midline
Parasagittal Plane
Cut was off centered, not on midline.
Sections
Cuts or sections made along a body plane.
Names after plane, so a sagittal cut results in a sagittal section.
Body Planes
Surfaces along which body or structures may be cut for anatomical study. Three most
common Planes :
Sagittal plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Body Cavities and Membranes
Body contains internal cavities that are closed to environment. Cavities provide different
degrees of protection to organs within them.
Two sets of cavities-Dosal body cavity
-Ventral body cavity
Dosal
Protects fragile nervous system
2 subdivisions
Cranial
-encases brain
Vertebral
-encases spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavity
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Anatomical position
Body Erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the
body
Directional Terms
Describe one body structure in relation to another body structure.
Direction is always based on standard anatomical form position.
Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not right and left of the observer.
Superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a body structure or the body: above
Inferior
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
Anterior
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the middle of the body; on the inner side
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body on the outer side of.
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
Distal
Farther from the origin of body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk.
Superficial
Toward or at the body surface.
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal.
Transverse Plane
Curts people in half in the waist
Divides body horizontally (90 to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts ( top and
bottom)
Produces cross section
Coronal Plane
Front half and back half.
Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts ( front and back)
Produces a frontal and coronal section.
, Sagittal Plane
Cut in middle into left and right
Divides body vertically into right and left parts
Produces a sagittal section if cut along this plane
2 Major disions of the body
Axial
Appendicular
Axial
`Head, Neck, Trunk
Appendicualr
Limbs ( legs and arms)
Regional Terms
Designated specific areas within the body divisions.
Body planes and sections.
3 most common planes
Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal
Oblique
Diagonally between horizontal and the vertical planes.
Midsagittal Plane
Cut was made perfectly on midline
Parasagittal Plane
Cut was off centered, not on midline.
Sections
Cuts or sections made along a body plane.
Names after plane, so a sagittal cut results in a sagittal section.
Body Planes
Surfaces along which body or structures may be cut for anatomical study. Three most
common Planes :
Sagittal plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Body Cavities and Membranes
Body contains internal cavities that are closed to environment. Cavities provide different
degrees of protection to organs within them.
Two sets of cavities-Dosal body cavity
-Ventral body cavity
Dosal
Protects fragile nervous system
2 subdivisions
Cranial
-encases brain
Vertebral
-encases spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavity
