BIOL 2113 QUESTIONS AND ASWERS LATEST UPDATE
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What are tissues?
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
4 primary types of tissue
epithelium, connective, nervous, muscle
epithelial tissue location
body coverings, body linings, glandular tissue
epithelial tissue function
protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
epithelial tissue characteristics
•Versatility- found on surfaces as either coverings (outer surfaces) or linings (inner
surfaces)
•Continuity-Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets.
•Avascularity- have no capillaries of their own; receive O2 and nutrients through blood
supply from connective tissue beneath them.
•Regenerate - easily, if well nourished.
•Secretion - All substances either secreted or absorbed must pass through epithelial
tissues; many are capable of secretion, and may be called glandular
epithelium or simply glands.
simple squamous epithelium
Function: Diffusion, filtration, secretion in membranes
Location: Lines ventral body cavities, lungs and capillaries where diffusion or
filtration of substances occur, and arteries, veins, and heart
simple cuboidal epithelium
Function: secretion and absorption, sometimes propulsion
Location: •Common in glands and their ducts E.g. salivary glands, thyroid gland, and
pancreas (glandular epithelium).
•Found in walls of kidney tubules where they have microvilli-for reabsorption of
substances.
•Ciliated types are found in the Fallopian tubes.
simple columnar epithelium
Location: entire length of digestive tract- stomach to anus.
Functions: secretion of digestive enzymes, and absorption of end products of digestion
into blood and lymph.
globlet cell
unicellular gland that secretes mucus
Microvilli
Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells, increase surface
area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most dense in small intestine
and kidney
ciliated epithelium
A layer of cells that have many hair-like extensions called cilia
, psuedostratified columnar epithelium
•Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving the false (pseudo)
impression of being stratified.
Location: Respiratory tract
transitional epithelium
function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia are
- Rare in human body
- Found mainly in the lining of ducts of large glands.
glandular epithelium
Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into
body fluids
unicellular glands
•Goblet cells are an example.
•Found in the lining of respiratory and digestive tracts.
•Their secretion is mucus.
2 groups of multicellular glands
exocrine and endocrine
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
endocrine glands
Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood. All products
are hormonal
types of connective tissue proper
loose and dense
types of specialized connective tissue
•Blood
•Bone
•Cartilage
•Lymphoid
•Synovial tissue and bursae.
function of connective tissue
•Binds body tissues together
•Supports the body
•Provides protection
A typical characteristic of all connective tissues is the presence of
Matrix, living cells, variation in blood supply
Matrix is produced by the connective tissue cells; it has two main elements:
Ground Substance & Fibers
Three types of fibers
Collagen (white) fibers- high tensile strength
Elastic (yellow) fibers- can stretch and then recoil.
Reticular fibers, forming internal framework of organs such as spleen, liver, lymph
node, etc.
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
What are tissues?
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
4 primary types of tissue
epithelium, connective, nervous, muscle
epithelial tissue location
body coverings, body linings, glandular tissue
epithelial tissue function
protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
epithelial tissue characteristics
•Versatility- found on surfaces as either coverings (outer surfaces) or linings (inner
surfaces)
•Continuity-Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets.
•Avascularity- have no capillaries of their own; receive O2 and nutrients through blood
supply from connective tissue beneath them.
•Regenerate - easily, if well nourished.
•Secretion - All substances either secreted or absorbed must pass through epithelial
tissues; many are capable of secretion, and may be called glandular
epithelium or simply glands.
simple squamous epithelium
Function: Diffusion, filtration, secretion in membranes
Location: Lines ventral body cavities, lungs and capillaries where diffusion or
filtration of substances occur, and arteries, veins, and heart
simple cuboidal epithelium
Function: secretion and absorption, sometimes propulsion
Location: •Common in glands and their ducts E.g. salivary glands, thyroid gland, and
pancreas (glandular epithelium).
•Found in walls of kidney tubules where they have microvilli-for reabsorption of
substances.
•Ciliated types are found in the Fallopian tubes.
simple columnar epithelium
Location: entire length of digestive tract- stomach to anus.
Functions: secretion of digestive enzymes, and absorption of end products of digestion
into blood and lymph.
globlet cell
unicellular gland that secretes mucus
Microvilli
Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells, increase surface
area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most dense in small intestine
and kidney
ciliated epithelium
A layer of cells that have many hair-like extensions called cilia
, psuedostratified columnar epithelium
•Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving the false (pseudo)
impression of being stratified.
Location: Respiratory tract
transitional epithelium
function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia are
- Rare in human body
- Found mainly in the lining of ducts of large glands.
glandular epithelium
Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into
body fluids
unicellular glands
•Goblet cells are an example.
•Found in the lining of respiratory and digestive tracts.
•Their secretion is mucus.
2 groups of multicellular glands
exocrine and endocrine
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
endocrine glands
Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood. All products
are hormonal
types of connective tissue proper
loose and dense
types of specialized connective tissue
•Blood
•Bone
•Cartilage
•Lymphoid
•Synovial tissue and bursae.
function of connective tissue
•Binds body tissues together
•Supports the body
•Provides protection
A typical characteristic of all connective tissues is the presence of
Matrix, living cells, variation in blood supply
Matrix is produced by the connective tissue cells; it has two main elements:
Ground Substance & Fibers
Three types of fibers
Collagen (white) fibers- high tensile strength
Elastic (yellow) fibers- can stretch and then recoil.
Reticular fibers, forming internal framework of organs such as spleen, liver, lymph
node, etc.
