VTPP 435 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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What gets transported in the blood
Nutrients, Oxygen, hormones, metabolites, antibodies, and immune cells
what goes to different organs in blood
Oxygen and nutrients
What is carried away from organs in blood
CÓ and metabolic waste
vascular system
a system of transport blood vessels
Ohm's law for fluids
Q= P/R
Ohm's law for electricity
I= V/R
if there is no pressure gradient in a tube what is the flow rate?
P1-P2=0 so there is no flow
If P1=100mm Hg, P2=0 mm Hg, R=0.1 mm Hg ml- min-
What is the blood flow rate?
1000 ml/min
Poiseuille's equation
R=(8Lη)/πr⁴
L-length of blood vessel
η=viscosity
r=radius of blood vessel
What factor is most important in Poiseuille's equation
radius because its r^4
What is rheology?
study of the flow of matter
What is the viscosity of water?
1
Anemia
condition of blood where there is low RBC count which leads to lower viscosity
Normal levels of hematocrit
40-50
What is hematocrit
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
What is plasma composed of and what %?
water and proteins
58%
What is the buffy coat? what %?
white blood cells and platelets
<1%
Red blood cell percentage in blood
, 42%
What is the heaviest thing in blood?
red blood cells
Relationship between Hematocrit and Relative Viscosity
Low Hematocrit --> Low Viscosity
High Hematocrit --> High Viscosity
What is anomalous viscosity
The viscous behaviour of nonhomogenous fluids or suspensions, e.g., blood, in which
the apparent viscosity increases as flow or shear rate decreases toward zero.
Newtonian fluid
fluid that obeys Ohms's law in all instances
Is blood a Newtonian fluid?
NO!
viscosity of blood is not constant - in small vessels, viscosity decreases
Fahreus-Lindquist effect
describes how the viscosity of a fluid, in this case blood, changes with the diameter of
the tube it travels through. In particular there is a decrease in viscosity as the tube's
diameter decrease
Microvesicles
if radius if less than 100 μM
laminar flow
a type of flow that is a smooth parabolic curve
axial streaming
Blood viscosity decreasing in capillaries b/c RBC in center of vessel & therefore travel at
higher speed
Blood flow rate
the volume of blood that passes a given point in the system per unit time
What is flow velocity?
the distance a fixed volume of blood travels in a given period of time
List the 12 step pathway for blood throughout the body starting at the left
ventricle
left ventricle
aorta
ascending arteries
arteries
arterial
small arterials
capillaries
venules
veins
great veins
superior/ inferior vena cava
right atrium
Is the heart part of the vascular system
no
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
What gets transported in the blood
Nutrients, Oxygen, hormones, metabolites, antibodies, and immune cells
what goes to different organs in blood
Oxygen and nutrients
What is carried away from organs in blood
CÓ and metabolic waste
vascular system
a system of transport blood vessels
Ohm's law for fluids
Q= P/R
Ohm's law for electricity
I= V/R
if there is no pressure gradient in a tube what is the flow rate?
P1-P2=0 so there is no flow
If P1=100mm Hg, P2=0 mm Hg, R=0.1 mm Hg ml- min-
What is the blood flow rate?
1000 ml/min
Poiseuille's equation
R=(8Lη)/πr⁴
L-length of blood vessel
η=viscosity
r=radius of blood vessel
What factor is most important in Poiseuille's equation
radius because its r^4
What is rheology?
study of the flow of matter
What is the viscosity of water?
1
Anemia
condition of blood where there is low RBC count which leads to lower viscosity
Normal levels of hematocrit
40-50
What is hematocrit
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
What is plasma composed of and what %?
water and proteins
58%
What is the buffy coat? what %?
white blood cells and platelets
<1%
Red blood cell percentage in blood
, 42%
What is the heaviest thing in blood?
red blood cells
Relationship between Hematocrit and Relative Viscosity
Low Hematocrit --> Low Viscosity
High Hematocrit --> High Viscosity
What is anomalous viscosity
The viscous behaviour of nonhomogenous fluids or suspensions, e.g., blood, in which
the apparent viscosity increases as flow or shear rate decreases toward zero.
Newtonian fluid
fluid that obeys Ohms's law in all instances
Is blood a Newtonian fluid?
NO!
viscosity of blood is not constant - in small vessels, viscosity decreases
Fahreus-Lindquist effect
describes how the viscosity of a fluid, in this case blood, changes with the diameter of
the tube it travels through. In particular there is a decrease in viscosity as the tube's
diameter decrease
Microvesicles
if radius if less than 100 μM
laminar flow
a type of flow that is a smooth parabolic curve
axial streaming
Blood viscosity decreasing in capillaries b/c RBC in center of vessel & therefore travel at
higher speed
Blood flow rate
the volume of blood that passes a given point in the system per unit time
What is flow velocity?
the distance a fixed volume of blood travels in a given period of time
List the 12 step pathway for blood throughout the body starting at the left
ventricle
left ventricle
aorta
ascending arteries
arteries
arterial
small arterials
capillaries
venules
veins
great veins
superior/ inferior vena cava
right atrium
Is the heart part of the vascular system
no
