VTPP 435 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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What are the functions of the kidney?
Regulation
Excretion
Endocrine
Function: Regulation
- body fluid osmolality: controls how much water is in the body and how much leaves
the body in urine ("water balance")
- electrolyte balance: how much needs to stay in the body and how much leaves; affects
osmolarity
- acid base balance: H+ ions
Function: excretion
- metabolic products and foreign substances
Function: endocrine
- hormone production
* not a gland but still produces hormones
- major hormone produced: active vitamin d3
Simplified anatomy of urinary system
kidney -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
Pathway for blood
heart -> aorta -> abdominal aorta -> left/right renal artery -> kidney -> ureters -> urinary
bladder -> urethra
Why does blood flow to the kidneys from the heart?
kidneys need to be profused with blood
Kidney
- bean shaped
- produces urine
Ureter
- urine that exits the kidneys enters here
- one for each kidney
Urinary bladder
- balloon shaped
- only 1 in the body
- urine enters from both ureters
Urethra
- urine exits the body due to pressure in the bladder
What other organ is the kidney similar to?
adrenal gland
How is the kidney similar to the adrenal gland?
Has a cortex and medulla
Cortex
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
What are the functions of the kidney?
Regulation
Excretion
Endocrine
Function: Regulation
- body fluid osmolality: controls how much water is in the body and how much leaves
the body in urine ("water balance")
- electrolyte balance: how much needs to stay in the body and how much leaves; affects
osmolarity
- acid base balance: H+ ions
Function: excretion
- metabolic products and foreign substances
Function: endocrine
- hormone production
* not a gland but still produces hormones
- major hormone produced: active vitamin d3
Simplified anatomy of urinary system
kidney -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
Pathway for blood
heart -> aorta -> abdominal aorta -> left/right renal artery -> kidney -> ureters -> urinary
bladder -> urethra
Why does blood flow to the kidneys from the heart?
kidneys need to be profused with blood
Kidney
- bean shaped
- produces urine
Ureter
- urine that exits the kidneys enters here
- one for each kidney
Urinary bladder
- balloon shaped
- only 1 in the body
- urine enters from both ureters
Urethra
- urine exits the body due to pressure in the bladder
What other organ is the kidney similar to?
adrenal gland
How is the kidney similar to the adrenal gland?
Has a cortex and medulla
Cortex
