VTPP 435 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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Gastrin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Stomach.
Stimulated by peptides and amino acids.
Targets ECL and parietal cells.
Stimulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth. Inhibits gastric emptying and acid
secretion.
Inhibited by somatostatin.
Cholecystokinin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by fats and some amino acids.
Targets gallbladder, pancreas, stomach.
Stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Inhibits gastric
emptying and acid secretion.
Secretin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by acid in the small intestine.
Targets pancreas, stomach.
Stimulates HCO3- secretion. Inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion.
Motilin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by fasting. Periodic release every 1.5-2 hours.
Targets gastric and intestinal smooth muscle.
Stimulates migrating motor complex.
Inhibited by eating a meal.
What is one inhibitor of stomach emptying?
Hypertonicity of chyme in duodenum.
Distention of duodenum.
Fats and acids.
What is secreted by gastric mucous cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
Alkaline mucus.
Mechanical stimulation.
Protects mucosa.
What is secreted by chief cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
Pepsinogen.
Stimulated by ACh, gastrin.
Begins protein digestion.
What is secreted by parietal cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
HCl; intrinsic factor
Stimulated by ACh, gastrin, histamine.
Activates pepsinogen, denatures proteins, breaks down connective tissue, kills
microorganisms; facilitates absorption of Vitamin B12.
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Gastrin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Stomach.
Stimulated by peptides and amino acids.
Targets ECL and parietal cells.
Stimulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth. Inhibits gastric emptying and acid
secretion.
Inhibited by somatostatin.
Cholecystokinin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by fats and some amino acids.
Targets gallbladder, pancreas, stomach.
Stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Inhibits gastric
emptying and acid secretion.
Secretin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by acid in the small intestine.
Targets pancreas, stomach.
Stimulates HCO3- secretion. Inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion.
Motilin (Location, what stimulates it, targets, effects)
Intestine.
Stimulated by fasting. Periodic release every 1.5-2 hours.
Targets gastric and intestinal smooth muscle.
Stimulates migrating motor complex.
Inhibited by eating a meal.
What is one inhibitor of stomach emptying?
Hypertonicity of chyme in duodenum.
Distention of duodenum.
Fats and acids.
What is secreted by gastric mucous cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
Alkaline mucus.
Mechanical stimulation.
Protects mucosa.
What is secreted by chief cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
Pepsinogen.
Stimulated by ACh, gastrin.
Begins protein digestion.
What is secreted by parietal cells? What stimulates its release? Effects?
HCl; intrinsic factor
Stimulated by ACh, gastrin, histamine.
Activates pepsinogen, denatures proteins, breaks down connective tissue, kills
microorganisms; facilitates absorption of Vitamin B12.
