VTPP 435 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
bone primary function
develop and maintain mass and architecture sufficient to carry functional loads without
fracture
compact bone
dense outer edge of of bone, used for support
trabecular bone
inside of bone, forms a calcified lattice
epiphysis
end of a long bone
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
epiphyseal plate
site of bone growth
osteoblasts
-recruited by osteoclasts to a specific site to produce osteoid or bone matrix
-developed from mesenchymal cells
-express parathyroid hormone receptor
osteoclasts
-unique bone resorbing cells
-developed from monocyte/macrophage cells
-driven by RANKL
-polarization facilitates clear zone, ruffled border formation, and bone resorption
-OPG regulated bc it inhibits RANKL interaction
osteocytes
-mesenchymal in origin
-most abundant cell type
-osteoblasts embedded in matrix convert into osteocyte
-interconnecting canaliculi are present between osteocytes, space occupied by it is
called lacuna
resorption & formation
-quiescence lining cells
-osteoclasts: recruitment differentiation activation
-resorption by osteoclasts
-osteoblasts: recruitment proliferation
-reversal by osteoid production
-matrix synthesis
-formation
-mineralization
function of calcium in extracellular matrix
calcified matrix of bone and teeth
function of calcium in extracellular fluid
, -neurotransmitter release at synapse
-role in myocardial and smooth muscle contraction
-cofactor in coagulation cascase
-"cement" for tight junctions
-influences excitability of neurons
function of calcium intracellular
-muscle contraction
-signals in second messenger pathways
effects of PTH
-bone releases calcium
-kidney returns calcium and makes vitamin D3
-intestines absorb more calcium
-inc blood calcium feeds back to parathyroid gland
PTH
-increases calcium, decreases phosphate
- secreted from chief cells
-activated obs to release RANKL
- stimulated yb decreased calcium levels
-receptor in bones and kidney
Vitamin D3
-naturally occurring steroid activated by UV rays or dietary intake
-regulated by PTH, it controls hydroxylation in kidney
vitamin D3 synthesis
-vitamin D3 from skin
-hydroxylated in liver
-hydroxylated in kidney after being activated by PTH
-through intestinal epithelium, it increases calcium-binding proteins, calcium simulated
ATPase, and alkaline phosphate
-increased intestinal absorption of Ca
-increased plasma calcium ion concentration
-negative feedback inhibits PTH
Calcitonin
-made by clear parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland
-released stimulated by increased serum calcium levels
effects of calcitonin
-inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
-inhibits calcium reabsorption in the kidney
-inhibits calcium absorption by the intestines
-lowers calcium levels in blood
inc bone resorption
-parathyroid hormone
-vitamin D3
-gluccocorticoids
inc bone formation
-vitamin D
-calcitonin/intermittent PTH
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
bone primary function
develop and maintain mass and architecture sufficient to carry functional loads without
fracture
compact bone
dense outer edge of of bone, used for support
trabecular bone
inside of bone, forms a calcified lattice
epiphysis
end of a long bone
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
epiphyseal plate
site of bone growth
osteoblasts
-recruited by osteoclasts to a specific site to produce osteoid or bone matrix
-developed from mesenchymal cells
-express parathyroid hormone receptor
osteoclasts
-unique bone resorbing cells
-developed from monocyte/macrophage cells
-driven by RANKL
-polarization facilitates clear zone, ruffled border formation, and bone resorption
-OPG regulated bc it inhibits RANKL interaction
osteocytes
-mesenchymal in origin
-most abundant cell type
-osteoblasts embedded in matrix convert into osteocyte
-interconnecting canaliculi are present between osteocytes, space occupied by it is
called lacuna
resorption & formation
-quiescence lining cells
-osteoclasts: recruitment differentiation activation
-resorption by osteoclasts
-osteoblasts: recruitment proliferation
-reversal by osteoid production
-matrix synthesis
-formation
-mineralization
function of calcium in extracellular matrix
calcified matrix of bone and teeth
function of calcium in extracellular fluid
, -neurotransmitter release at synapse
-role in myocardial and smooth muscle contraction
-cofactor in coagulation cascase
-"cement" for tight junctions
-influences excitability of neurons
function of calcium intracellular
-muscle contraction
-signals in second messenger pathways
effects of PTH
-bone releases calcium
-kidney returns calcium and makes vitamin D3
-intestines absorb more calcium
-inc blood calcium feeds back to parathyroid gland
PTH
-increases calcium, decreases phosphate
- secreted from chief cells
-activated obs to release RANKL
- stimulated yb decreased calcium levels
-receptor in bones and kidney
Vitamin D3
-naturally occurring steroid activated by UV rays or dietary intake
-regulated by PTH, it controls hydroxylation in kidney
vitamin D3 synthesis
-vitamin D3 from skin
-hydroxylated in liver
-hydroxylated in kidney after being activated by PTH
-through intestinal epithelium, it increases calcium-binding proteins, calcium simulated
ATPase, and alkaline phosphate
-increased intestinal absorption of Ca
-increased plasma calcium ion concentration
-negative feedback inhibits PTH
Calcitonin
-made by clear parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland
-released stimulated by increased serum calcium levels
effects of calcitonin
-inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
-inhibits calcium reabsorption in the kidney
-inhibits calcium absorption by the intestines
-lowers calcium levels in blood
inc bone resorption
-parathyroid hormone
-vitamin D3
-gluccocorticoids
inc bone formation
-vitamin D
-calcitonin/intermittent PTH
