HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
EXAM 2025
Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'A complete state of physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely
the abscence of disease or infirmity.' (WHO, 1946)
Health status - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'An individual's or population's overall health, taking into account
various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.' (AIHW,
2008)
Physical dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and
it's systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Social dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Being able to interact with others and participate in
the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Mental dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'State of well-being in which the individual realises
his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully,
and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.' (WHO, 2009)
Life Expectancy - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the
number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.' (AIHW,
2008)
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of burden of disease based on
life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of
years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Burden Of Disease - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it
measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old
age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
, Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of burden of disease, one DALY
equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Years Of Life Lost (YLL) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as
years of life lost due to death.
Years Of Life Lost Due To Disability (YLD) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The non-fatal component of the burden
of disease and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to disease or injury.
Mortality - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other
environmental factor.
Under-five mortality rate - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'The number of deaths of children under five years of age
per 1000 live births.' (WHO, 2008)
Morbidity - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a
population or group.' (AIHW, 2008)
Prevalence - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition
present in a population at a given time.' (AIHW, 2008)
Incidence - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
Biomedical Model Of Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of
disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professional and is
associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Social Model Of Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A conceptual framework within which improvements in
health and well-being are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and
environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health
gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.
EXAM 2025
Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'A complete state of physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely
the abscence of disease or infirmity.' (WHO, 1946)
Health status - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'An individual's or population's overall health, taking into account
various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.' (AIHW,
2008)
Physical dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and
it's systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Social dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Being able to interact with others and participate in
the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Mental dimensions of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'State of well-being in which the individual realises
his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully,
and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.' (WHO, 2009)
Life Expectancy - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the
number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.' (AIHW,
2008)
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of burden of disease based on
life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of
years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Burden Of Disease - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it
measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old
age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
, Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A measure of burden of disease, one DALY
equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Years Of Life Lost (YLL) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as
years of life lost due to death.
Years Of Life Lost Due To Disability (YLD) - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The non-fatal component of the burden
of disease and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to disease or injury.
Mortality - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other
environmental factor.
Under-five mortality rate - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'The number of deaths of children under five years of age
per 1000 live births.' (WHO, 2008)
Morbidity - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a
population or group.' (AIHW, 2008)
Prevalence - ✅✅✅CORRECT -'The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition
present in a population at a given time.' (AIHW, 2008)
Incidence - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a
specific time.
Biomedical Model Of Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of
disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professional and is
associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
Social Model Of Health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -A conceptual framework within which improvements in
health and well-being are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and
environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health
gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed.
