VCE HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNITS
3&4 EXAM 2025
Biomedical model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of
disease and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease. 'Fix-it' approach to health
care. Does not promote good health or prevent illness
Social Model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -based on understanding that health is linked to a range of
social, environmental and economic factors and the fundamental conditions for health need to be met if
a person is to reach a good state of health.
Principles of the social models of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -AREAS. A: adress all determinants of
health R: Reduce social inequality E: Empower individual and community A: Accessibility to healthcare S:
sectorial collaboration
Preventative Model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on action to avoid illness occuring or
returning and to dectect illness at the earliest time possible.
The Ottawa charter for health promotion: Black Cats Smell Dead Rats - ✅✅✅CORRECT -An approach
to health development by the World Health Organisation that ettempts to reduce inequalities in health.
The Ottaw Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines
health promotion as 'ther process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their
health'(WHO 1998) Produced with the aim of taking action to achieve health for all by the year 200 and
beyond through health promotion and reduce inequalities for all. It identifies three basic strategies for
health promotion: anabling, mediating and advocacy
Build healthy public policy - ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -includes changes in policy that will
healp to make healthier choices the easier choices and contribute to healthier, safer, cleaner and more
enjoyable services and environments.
Create supportive environment - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The creation of supportive
environments involves building links between individualds and their environments through taking care of
one another, communities and natural resources. Promotes environments that encourage safe,
stimulating and enjoyable living and working conditions so individuals can reach their full potential.
,Strengthen community actions - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Strengthening community actions
requires communities working together to set priorities, make decisions, and plan and implement
strategies that will help them achieve better health. Health promotion strategies that focus on
community action leads to empowerment of that community and improved outcomes as a result of the
ownership of their strategies, the social support and public participation.
Develop personal skills - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Involves an individual gaining life skills and
information through health promotion and education and is the desired outcome of many health
promotion programs. These skills and knowledge should be gained and supported at home, in school, at
work and in other community settings to enable the individual to make choices that will enhance their
health and to take control over their own health.
Reorient health services - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Involves individuals, community groups,
health professionals and the government working together to achieve a healthcare system that
promotes health. The idea is for groups to work together to support healthcare professionals in moving
beyond providing biomedical services and placing a stronger emphasis on health promotion.
What is the role of VicHealth - ✅✅✅CORRECT -VicHealth is responsible for health promotion in
Victoria and intend to make people aware of the risks, therefore preventing disease. It is the peak body
for health promotion in victoria. according the them health promotion has proved to be a powerful and
cost effective method of improving health so they act as a resource for health promotion and disease
prevention. ie sunsamart, quit campaign
VicHealth values - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Work together, Be honest, Engage with others respectfully,
challenge and be challenged, Be eco-wise
Vichealth Priorities - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Tabacco consumption, overweight and obesity, physical
inactivity, alcohol misuse,discrimination, violence etc.
The local governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system - ✅✅✅CORRECT -
immunistation, sanitary environment ie collection and disposal of garbage and sewage, providing safe
water supply, ensuring the cleanliness of food storage and preparation in shops and restuaraunts -
HACCP, maintainging roads and public areas
, The state/territory governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system -
✅✅✅CORRECT -, provision of a public hospital serive,, conducting research into public health issues,
recording of health-related information, identifying issues and notifying doctors of epidemics etc.
The federal Governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system - ✅✅✅CORRECT -
the management and funding of Medicare, the regulation of private health insurance, financial support
to government and non-government health organisations, management of quarantine service etc.
Medicare levy - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Is an amount of money paid by most taxpayers, based on taxable
incomes, that contributes the the funding of the healthcare system.
Values of the Australian healthcare system CARE CASES - ✅✅✅CORRECT -capable, accessible, safe,
effective, sustainable
Medicare - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Introduced in feb 1984 by fed gov. aim is to improve the access to
healthcare for all Australian and to provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all
Australians in need of treatment, regardless of age or income. Funded by fed gov, partly through
contributions made to the healthcare system through a 1.5 medicare levy
medicare safety net - ✅✅✅CORRECT -An additional rebate scheme introduced by the fed gov for the
benefit of patients, covering a range of doctor visits and tests recieved out of hospital. a protective
measure designed to avoid patients having to pay high medical costs
Bulk-billing - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Is where the doctor pays the government for your medical care and
you pay nothing, is where the medical practitioner bills medicare directly and accepts the medicare
payments as full payment for the service.
what is covered by Medicare - ✅✅✅CORRECT -consultation fees, tests and examinations, eye tests -
optometrist, most procedures performed by doctors.
What is not covered by medicare? - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Dental examinations, dental, ambulance, home
nursing, speech therapy, private hospital costs, acupuncture
3&4 EXAM 2025
Biomedical model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of
disease and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease. 'Fix-it' approach to health
care. Does not promote good health or prevent illness
Social Model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -based on understanding that health is linked to a range of
social, environmental and economic factors and the fundamental conditions for health need to be met if
a person is to reach a good state of health.
Principles of the social models of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -AREAS. A: adress all determinants of
health R: Reduce social inequality E: Empower individual and community A: Accessibility to healthcare S:
sectorial collaboration
Preventative Model of health - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Focuses on action to avoid illness occuring or
returning and to dectect illness at the earliest time possible.
The Ottawa charter for health promotion: Black Cats Smell Dead Rats - ✅✅✅CORRECT -An approach
to health development by the World Health Organisation that ettempts to reduce inequalities in health.
The Ottaw Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines
health promotion as 'ther process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their
health'(WHO 1998) Produced with the aim of taking action to achieve health for all by the year 200 and
beyond through health promotion and reduce inequalities for all. It identifies three basic strategies for
health promotion: anabling, mediating and advocacy
Build healthy public policy - ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -includes changes in policy that will
healp to make healthier choices the easier choices and contribute to healthier, safer, cleaner and more
enjoyable services and environments.
Create supportive environment - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -The creation of supportive
environments involves building links between individualds and their environments through taking care of
one another, communities and natural resources. Promotes environments that encourage safe,
stimulating and enjoyable living and working conditions so individuals can reach their full potential.
,Strengthen community actions - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Strengthening community actions
requires communities working together to set priorities, make decisions, and plan and implement
strategies that will help them achieve better health. Health promotion strategies that focus on
community action leads to empowerment of that community and improved outcomes as a result of the
ownership of their strategies, the social support and public participation.
Develop personal skills - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Involves an individual gaining life skills and
information through health promotion and education and is the desired outcome of many health
promotion programs. These skills and knowledge should be gained and supported at home, in school, at
work and in other community settings to enable the individual to make choices that will enhance their
health and to take control over their own health.
Reorient health services - Ottawa charter - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Involves individuals, community groups,
health professionals and the government working together to achieve a healthcare system that
promotes health. The idea is for groups to work together to support healthcare professionals in moving
beyond providing biomedical services and placing a stronger emphasis on health promotion.
What is the role of VicHealth - ✅✅✅CORRECT -VicHealth is responsible for health promotion in
Victoria and intend to make people aware of the risks, therefore preventing disease. It is the peak body
for health promotion in victoria. according the them health promotion has proved to be a powerful and
cost effective method of improving health so they act as a resource for health promotion and disease
prevention. ie sunsamart, quit campaign
VicHealth values - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Work together, Be honest, Engage with others respectfully,
challenge and be challenged, Be eco-wise
Vichealth Priorities - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Tabacco consumption, overweight and obesity, physical
inactivity, alcohol misuse,discrimination, violence etc.
The local governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system - ✅✅✅CORRECT -
immunistation, sanitary environment ie collection and disposal of garbage and sewage, providing safe
water supply, ensuring the cleanliness of food storage and preparation in shops and restuaraunts -
HACCP, maintainging roads and public areas
, The state/territory governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system -
✅✅✅CORRECT -, provision of a public hospital serive,, conducting research into public health issues,
recording of health-related information, identifying issues and notifying doctors of epidemics etc.
The federal Governments' responsibilities within the Australian Healthcare system - ✅✅✅CORRECT -
the management and funding of Medicare, the regulation of private health insurance, financial support
to government and non-government health organisations, management of quarantine service etc.
Medicare levy - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Is an amount of money paid by most taxpayers, based on taxable
incomes, that contributes the the funding of the healthcare system.
Values of the Australian healthcare system CARE CASES - ✅✅✅CORRECT -capable, accessible, safe,
effective, sustainable
Medicare - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Introduced in feb 1984 by fed gov. aim is to improve the access to
healthcare for all Australian and to provide access to adequate healthcare at little or no cost to all
Australians in need of treatment, regardless of age or income. Funded by fed gov, partly through
contributions made to the healthcare system through a 1.5 medicare levy
medicare safety net - ✅✅✅CORRECT -An additional rebate scheme introduced by the fed gov for the
benefit of patients, covering a range of doctor visits and tests recieved out of hospital. a protective
measure designed to avoid patients having to pay high medical costs
Bulk-billing - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Is where the doctor pays the government for your medical care and
you pay nothing, is where the medical practitioner bills medicare directly and accepts the medicare
payments as full payment for the service.
what is covered by Medicare - ✅✅✅CORRECT -consultation fees, tests and examinations, eye tests -
optometrist, most procedures performed by doctors.
What is not covered by medicare? - ✅✅✅CORRECT -Dental examinations, dental, ambulance, home
nursing, speech therapy, private hospital costs, acupuncture
