HCA 201A Final Exam Answers-Integrated Exam 2025

Anterior (ventral) - located at or toward the front of the body Lateral - located at or toward the side of the body or farthest away from midline Medial - located at or toward the midline Posterior (dorsal) - located at or toward the back of the body Proximal - nearest to the center or to the point of attachment Distal - - the part farthest from the center or from the point of attachment Care is based on four sciences - Anatomy: study of body structure , Physiology: study of body function ,Gerontology: study of aging Pathology: study of disease a tumor is what - a new growth of abnormal cells how many chromosomes are in each cell - 46 true or false cancer can occur in any age groups - true what is a malignant tumor - a cancerous tumor that grows rapidly and invades other tissue groups of tissues that work together to perform special functions are called - organs each cell has the same - basic structure athletes foot is - caused by fungal infection, highly contagious, can be treated by drying feet thoroughly what is the outer layer of skin called - the epidermis where are blood vessels nerves sweat glands and oil glands and hair roots found - the dermis what is the basic unit of a body structure called - cell which part of the cell directs the cells activities - the nucleus inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by dry red itchy and patches of skin is called - Eczema a viral infection causing painful rash of raised blisters which can appear anywhere in the body is called - shingles a circular red spongy lesion that evolves and changes over minutes to hours is called - wheal inflammation of the skin caused by direct contact with irritating allergy causing substance is called - contact dermatitis inherited traits are controlled by - genes the most common type of skin cancer is - basal cell carcinoma Skin has three layers - Epidermis is the outer layer, Dermis is the middle layer, Subcutaneous fatty tissue secures the skin to the structures beneath it Scabies - A highly contagious skin infection caused by a mite, The mite burrowing under the skin and depositing its eggs causes intense itching Benign tumours (noncancerous) - Do not spread to other body parts, Can grow to a large size, but rarely threaten life, Usually do not grow back when removed Metastasis is - the spread of cancer to other parts of the body What is arthritis - inflammation of the joints arthroplasty is - the surgical replacement of a joint extremal rotation is doing which of the following joint - turning the joint outward strict bed rest is - client is in bed at all times and uses a bedpan or urinal what is dorsiflexion - bending the toes and foot up at the ankle what is a contracture - the lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of the muscle the muscular skeletal system does what - text body when is sharing most often happen - when a client slides down in bed a support worker can perform range of motion exercises to the neck under which circumstances - you are allowed by the employer and your supervisor has provided you instructions hand grips prevent contractures of which joints - thumb finger and wrist what is trapeze used for - exercises to strengthen arm muscles what is a fracture in which the bone is broken but the skin still remains intact - a closed fracture what is a facture in which the bone has come through the skin - a compound fracture where are blood cells formed - bone marrow Marina is a 6 year old and suffers from reduced muscle tone what would be a good activity to promote range of motion - coloring and painting when assisting an unsteady client with ambulation what tool should a support worker use - transfer belt What should you do when using a cane - use on strong side, cane is moved first, grip is level with hips What is a sit to stand lift - a mobile lift that allows for a client transfer from one seated position to another What is true about caring for a client with crutches - check crutch tips to see if they are worn out or wet, have client wear street shoes with nonskid soles, make sure bolts are tight Bobs left leg was detached in a Moter vehicle accident what is the correct term for this - traumatic amputation Abduction - moving a body part away from the midline of the body Adduction - moving a body part toward the midline of the body Extension - straightening a body part Flexion - bending a body part Hyperextension - straightening a body part excessively Dorsiflexion - bending the toes and foot up at the ankle Rotation - turning the joint Internal rotation - turning the joint inward External rotation - turning the joint outward Bone marrow inside bones forms - blood cells Strict bed rest - The client must remain in bed at all times and be assisted with all activities of daily living (ADLs) as needed. If the client is continent, they must use a bedpan or urinal. Bed rest with commode privileges - Some ADLs are allowed. The client can use the bedside commode for elimination needs • Bed rest with bathroom privileges (bed rest with BRP) - The client can use the bathroom for elimination needs. Using a slider system decreases - friction and shearing How is hypotension prevented - by changing positions slowly Before a client on bed rest gets out of bed the support worker should assist the client into what position - fowlers position deconditioning is - the loss of muscle strength as a result of inactivity trochanter roles prevent what - external rotation of the hips and legs how are range of motion exercises performed - by the client atrophy means - decrease in size or wasting away of muscle tissue what is the term for bending the foot down at the ankle - plantar flexion what is an example of voluntary muscles - arms and leg muscles what is an example of involuntary muscles - heart muscles and intestinal muscles During rehabilitation what do clients need to be reminded of - there progress the side lying position is also referred to as - the lateral position What are some common health problems requiring rehabilitation - substance abuse, strokes, burns, the support workers role and rehabilitation is what - helping practice skills and tasks