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resting energy expenditure
energy needed to function at rest
basal metabolic rate
minimal amount required to sustain the body's vital functions
components of daily EE
thermic effect of food, thermic effect of activity, resting metabolic rate.
photosynthesis
is endergonic (requires energy)
glucose breakdown
exergonic (releases energy)
high energy phosphates
ATP. adenine, ribose and three linked phosphates
energy transforming activites
potential energy from food, transfer the chemical energy in ATP to power biologic work
ADP forms when
ATP joins with water and is catalyzed by ATPase.
ATP hydrolysis
reflects the energy difference between the reactant and end prodcuts
energy release from macronutirents
digestion of macromolecules into smaller subunits.
degradation of amino acid, glucose and fatty acid into acetyl coA.
acetyl coA into Co2 and H20
one mole of glucose
yields 686 kCal of energy.
lipids
energy dense (9kcal/gram)
neutral fats (simple lipids)
insoluble in water. triglycerides.
triglyceride breakdown
lipolysis. lipase (enzyme that breaks down)
fatty acids
chain of carbons with hydrogens attached. 12-20 carbons long.
saturated fatty acids
hydrogen attached to all possible binding sites. no double C-C bonds
unsaturated fatty acids
one of more double C-C bonds.
compound lipids
lipids and other molecules
phospholipids
lipid and phosphate