MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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# of Essential Amino Acids
9
Essential Amino Acids
cannot be synthesized by the body
When is protein metabolism occurring
all the time! tissue building = anabolism. tissue breakdown = catabolism
Deamination
removing the nitrogen from the amino acid
Transamination
N2 removed from one amino acid and passed to another
nitrogen excretion
sweat, urine, and feces
positive balance = ?
growth. involved in children, pregnant women, injury repair, increased muscle
overall function of vitamins
essential for bodily function, precursors for important proteins, not made in the body
Lipid soluble vitamins
A D E and K, slow turnover, daily ingestion may not be necessary. Excessive doses
could be toxic
Water soluble vitamins
B and C, fast turnover (not stored), excessive doses lost in urine
Antioxidants
vitamin C and E
4 Functions of Water
transport and reactive medium, lubricates tissues, cushions or protects, Temperature
regulation (water has a high heat capacity)
What is Transient Hypoglycemia
a dip in blood glucose levels during exercise after eating. this is caused by a 2 fold
response: contraction driving glucose uptake and insulin driving glucose uptake
glycemic index
a value representing how high a given meal increases blood glucose concentration
where are low GI foods absorbed
Small intestine
does glucose or fructose have a higher GI
glucose because fructose has to go through some processing by the liver
what does adding fat to GI
fat prevents a large peak in blood glucose levels
What represents the body's most plentiful source of potential energy
fat
, how does insulin affect lipolysis
increased insulin decreases lipolysis because insulin is an anabolic hormone whereas
lipolysis is a catabolic process
how does eating CHO first or last in a meal affect blood glucose and insulin?
both blood glucose and insulin were lower in the group that ate carbohydrates last
how is lipolysis affected by the GI of a meal
lipolysis is reduced more after a high Gi meal, but only a very small increase in insulin is
enough to drive lipolysis down
Muscle Glycogen sparing effect
ingestion of CHO prior to exercise may have a muscle glycogen sparing effect. not
really proven
What is the benefit of eating CHO before exercise
CHO ingestion will prevent hypoglycemia, allow for increased CHO oxidation late in
exercise, and help fuel the brain
When you exercising at a very high intensity, what happens to gastric emptying
it decreases
How do volume, caloric content, osmolality, exercise, pH, and hydration level
affect gastric emptying
inc. volume = increased emptying
inc energy content = decreased emptying
increased [solute] = slower emptying
deviations from 7.0 slows emptying
dehydration decreases emptying
how does CHO, sodium, and osmolality affect intestinal fluid absorption
low to moderate level of glucose + sodium increases fluid absorption
hypotonic to isotonic fluids containing NaCL and glucose increase fluid absorption
Difference between high and low CHO diets on glycogen resynthesis after
exercise
high CHO diet (70%) bring muscle glycogen levels back to normal in 24 hours whereas
low CHO (40%) successively decreases muscle glycogen after exercise
Better endurance performance on high fat, mixed diet, or high carbohydrate
high carbohydrate
What to eat after exercise and why
high glycemic CHO to increase insulin to drive glucose uptake and storage
Why would one want to train in a low fuel state
want to become fat adapted by training in a low CHO state, so you can more readily
oxidize fat. Higher IMTGs?
How does aerobic training impact fuel utilization
before training 58% of fuel is from CHO
after 38% CHO and 46% IMTG
Effect of exercise intensity on muscle fuel source
easy = mostly fat
moderate = equal fat and CHO
hard = mostly CHO
CHO and Fat fuel sources
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
# of Essential Amino Acids
9
Essential Amino Acids
cannot be synthesized by the body
When is protein metabolism occurring
all the time! tissue building = anabolism. tissue breakdown = catabolism
Deamination
removing the nitrogen from the amino acid
Transamination
N2 removed from one amino acid and passed to another
nitrogen excretion
sweat, urine, and feces
positive balance = ?
growth. involved in children, pregnant women, injury repair, increased muscle
overall function of vitamins
essential for bodily function, precursors for important proteins, not made in the body
Lipid soluble vitamins
A D E and K, slow turnover, daily ingestion may not be necessary. Excessive doses
could be toxic
Water soluble vitamins
B and C, fast turnover (not stored), excessive doses lost in urine
Antioxidants
vitamin C and E
4 Functions of Water
transport and reactive medium, lubricates tissues, cushions or protects, Temperature
regulation (water has a high heat capacity)
What is Transient Hypoglycemia
a dip in blood glucose levels during exercise after eating. this is caused by a 2 fold
response: contraction driving glucose uptake and insulin driving glucose uptake
glycemic index
a value representing how high a given meal increases blood glucose concentration
where are low GI foods absorbed
Small intestine
does glucose or fructose have a higher GI
glucose because fructose has to go through some processing by the liver
what does adding fat to GI
fat prevents a large peak in blood glucose levels
What represents the body's most plentiful source of potential energy
fat
, how does insulin affect lipolysis
increased insulin decreases lipolysis because insulin is an anabolic hormone whereas
lipolysis is a catabolic process
how does eating CHO first or last in a meal affect blood glucose and insulin?
both blood glucose and insulin were lower in the group that ate carbohydrates last
how is lipolysis affected by the GI of a meal
lipolysis is reduced more after a high Gi meal, but only a very small increase in insulin is
enough to drive lipolysis down
Muscle Glycogen sparing effect
ingestion of CHO prior to exercise may have a muscle glycogen sparing effect. not
really proven
What is the benefit of eating CHO before exercise
CHO ingestion will prevent hypoglycemia, allow for increased CHO oxidation late in
exercise, and help fuel the brain
When you exercising at a very high intensity, what happens to gastric emptying
it decreases
How do volume, caloric content, osmolality, exercise, pH, and hydration level
affect gastric emptying
inc. volume = increased emptying
inc energy content = decreased emptying
increased [solute] = slower emptying
deviations from 7.0 slows emptying
dehydration decreases emptying
how does CHO, sodium, and osmolality affect intestinal fluid absorption
low to moderate level of glucose + sodium increases fluid absorption
hypotonic to isotonic fluids containing NaCL and glucose increase fluid absorption
Difference between high and low CHO diets on glycogen resynthesis after
exercise
high CHO diet (70%) bring muscle glycogen levels back to normal in 24 hours whereas
low CHO (40%) successively decreases muscle glycogen after exercise
Better endurance performance on high fat, mixed diet, or high carbohydrate
high carbohydrate
What to eat after exercise and why
high glycemic CHO to increase insulin to drive glucose uptake and storage
Why would one want to train in a low fuel state
want to become fat adapted by training in a low CHO state, so you can more readily
oxidize fat. Higher IMTGs?
How does aerobic training impact fuel utilization
before training 58% of fuel is from CHO
after 38% CHO and 46% IMTG
Effect of exercise intensity on muscle fuel source
easy = mostly fat
moderate = equal fat and CHO
hard = mostly CHO
CHO and Fat fuel sources
