MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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Describe energy balance
energy in = energy out
What are the 4 components of total daily expenditure (TDEE) from greatest to
smallest?
BMR: basal metabolic rate
NEAT: non exercise activity thermogenesis
EAT: exercise activity thermogenesis
TEF: thermic effect of food
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
minimal amount of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions
How are the measurements made under BMR?
strict conditions
- >= 12 hour fast before test
-not active during the hours before the test
-sit quietly for >=30 min before measuring
T/F: BMR measures estimates the minimum number of calories needed to
function
T
What is resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
less strict conditions than measuring BMR
What do both RMR and BMR measure? What is the generally assumed value?
oxygen consumption
~3.5 mL O2/kg BW/min
What are the factors that affect energy expenditure?
-physical activity
-eating
-non-exercise activity
-others (climate, pregnancy/lactation, emotions)
what factor is the source of the greatest variation in energy expenditure?
physical activity
How much does physical activity account for of the daily energy expenditure?
15-30%
What is metabolic equivalent of task (METS)?
defined as multiples of the RMR (objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a
person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person)
, 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2/kg BW/min
What is obligatory thermogenesis?
energy requiring processes of digesting, absorbing, & assimilating food
What is facultative thermogenesis?
related to an increased activation of sympathetic nervous system --> increase in energy
metabolism
Does DIT represent a high or low portion of total daily caloric expenditure?
small (10-35%)
Generally how long does it take to reach DIT?
1 hour after meal
What is NEAT?
non-exercise activity thermogensis
-accumulative spontaneous activity that you do everyday (standing, pacing, fidgeting,
etc.)
Why do people living in warm environments found to have slightly higher resting
metabolic rates than those living in more moderate climates?
b/c extra energy spent thru HR (higher in heat, shunting blood to the peripheries)
Do cold or warm environments have a greater effect on metabolic rate?
colder
-shivering
-individuals in cold envmts have higher BMRs compared to those living in warm
environments
What is the metabolic input/output equation?
substrate (food) + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + heat
Where does metabolism occur?
mitochondria
What are proxies for ATP production?
oxygen consumptioin
CO2 production
What does direct calorimetry measure?
heat production
What does indirect calorimetry measure?
%O2 expired, %CO2 expired, volume expired to assess energy expenditure
What is VO2 equation?
Vo2 = oxygen inspired - oxygen expired
Where do we get nearly all of our ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation
Why is VO2 a good measure of energy expenditure?
b/c nearly all of our ATP is generated by oxidation
What are the substrates that can be used by cells to generate ATP?
carbs, lipids, protein, ketones
Where is glycogen stored?
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Describe energy balance
energy in = energy out
What are the 4 components of total daily expenditure (TDEE) from greatest to
smallest?
BMR: basal metabolic rate
NEAT: non exercise activity thermogenesis
EAT: exercise activity thermogenesis
TEF: thermic effect of food
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
minimal amount of energy required to sustain the body's vital functions
How are the measurements made under BMR?
strict conditions
- >= 12 hour fast before test
-not active during the hours before the test
-sit quietly for >=30 min before measuring
T/F: BMR measures estimates the minimum number of calories needed to
function
T
What is resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
less strict conditions than measuring BMR
What do both RMR and BMR measure? What is the generally assumed value?
oxygen consumption
~3.5 mL O2/kg BW/min
What are the factors that affect energy expenditure?
-physical activity
-eating
-non-exercise activity
-others (climate, pregnancy/lactation, emotions)
what factor is the source of the greatest variation in energy expenditure?
physical activity
How much does physical activity account for of the daily energy expenditure?
15-30%
What is metabolic equivalent of task (METS)?
defined as multiples of the RMR (objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a
person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person)
, 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2/kg BW/min
What is obligatory thermogenesis?
energy requiring processes of digesting, absorbing, & assimilating food
What is facultative thermogenesis?
related to an increased activation of sympathetic nervous system --> increase in energy
metabolism
Does DIT represent a high or low portion of total daily caloric expenditure?
small (10-35%)
Generally how long does it take to reach DIT?
1 hour after meal
What is NEAT?
non-exercise activity thermogensis
-accumulative spontaneous activity that you do everyday (standing, pacing, fidgeting,
etc.)
Why do people living in warm environments found to have slightly higher resting
metabolic rates than those living in more moderate climates?
b/c extra energy spent thru HR (higher in heat, shunting blood to the peripheries)
Do cold or warm environments have a greater effect on metabolic rate?
colder
-shivering
-individuals in cold envmts have higher BMRs compared to those living in warm
environments
What is the metabolic input/output equation?
substrate (food) + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + heat
Where does metabolism occur?
mitochondria
What are proxies for ATP production?
oxygen consumptioin
CO2 production
What does direct calorimetry measure?
heat production
What does indirect calorimetry measure?
%O2 expired, %CO2 expired, volume expired to assess energy expenditure
What is VO2 equation?
Vo2 = oxygen inspired - oxygen expired
Where do we get nearly all of our ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation
Why is VO2 a good measure of energy expenditure?
b/c nearly all of our ATP is generated by oxidation
What are the substrates that can be used by cells to generate ATP?
carbs, lipids, protein, ketones
Where is glycogen stored?
