MOVESCI 340 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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Common test to evaluate power output capacity of the immediate and short term
energy systems
Stair-sprinting
Jumping
Any 6-8 sec of all out intensity
Criteria of anaerobic capacity test
Specificity: the test should make sense to the type of athlete
Assumptions of anaerobic power output tests
- all ATP at max power output regenerates via ATP-PCr hydrolysis
- Adequate ATP-PCr exists to support max performance
Theoretical reasoning behind anaerobic power output tests:
relate how much energy exists to how much energy (ATP/PCr) a person can actually
utilize in the short term activity
Common reasoning for anaerobic power output tests
utilizes force plates to understand mechanics and the power a subject can produce
What is an important indicator of short term energy system activation and what
are its faults
Blood lactate - not actual amount of lactate generated because some leaves blood to go
to liver/heart & no criteria to ensure max effort
Biological Indicators for Anaerobic Power
-Glycogen depletion
What exercise intensity do we expect to use glycogen the quickest?
HIIT
Individual's differences in anaerobic energy transfer capacity
- previous training
- ability to transfer acid metabolites (Sodium Bicarb buffers blood acidity)
- Motivation
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max)
No further increase in VO2 despite increasing exercise intensity
When you exercise at intensities above VO2 max, what is the energy system
used?
anaerobic energy system (No more aerobic contribution to ATP production)
What do we expect to happen to RER at increasing intensities?
RER increases (VO2 inspired/VCO2 expired)
What happens to ventilation at increasing intensities?
Ventilation (respiratory) rate increases
What happens to respiratory volume at increasing intensities?
Respiratory volume (tidal volume) increases (deep breathes)
What does "blowing off CO2" mean?
blowing out CO2 that doesn't reflect metabolism (breathing rapidly)
Weight loss can lead to increased relative VO2, why is this?
, VO2 depends on lean tissue with regards to mass, how much muscle does one have to
be involved in aerobic processes?
Why would a cross-country skier have a higher VO2 max than a sprinter?
They have a greater upper body mass which can contribute to greater oxygen
consumption.
What is "peak" oxygen consumption?
When a subject didn't reach their "true" VO2 max (no plateau) the highest VO2 recorded
is the VO2 peak
What is a graded exercise test and how do you know if one has reached their
VO2max
low to high increasing intensities and a subject reaches VO2 max when VO2 values
level off
Secondary indicators of VO2 max
- RER > 1.1 (no longer reflects fuel use)
- HR w/in 10% of age-predicted HRmax
- Lactate accumulation (7-8mM, resting is 1-2mM)
Aerobic performance efficiency indicators
- VO2 max (aerobic machine)
- Lactate threshold
- Efficiency/Economy of movement
Exercise Efficiency vs. Exercise Economy
Efficiency: ratio of external work to energy expenditure during task (ext. work/int. work)
Economy: comparison of steady-state VO2 (Oxygen consumption/task)
What is one fault of measuring energy efficiency?
Often hard to measure external work (easy on bike hard on other machines)
Which is harder to improve exercise economy or efficiency?
efficiency
What type of exercise is energy economy more useful in?
Long duration activities that depend on aerobic capacity
Factors affecting energy economy:
- biomechanical motion
- skill
- fatigue
(form falls apart)
-Muscle fiber composition
Which muscle fiber types are less economical
fast twitch muscle fibers are less economical compared to type 1 fibers
Gross vs. Net energy expenditure
Gross: total amount of energy you are expending
Net: subtracting out RMR (task specific)
Why might a trained individual have a higher amount of muscle lactic acid than
an untrained individual during maximal exercise?
trained individual works at a higher effort/intensity and has a higher lactate threshold
Tidal Volume
1/2 L
Total Lung capacity
100% CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Common test to evaluate power output capacity of the immediate and short term
energy systems
Stair-sprinting
Jumping
Any 6-8 sec of all out intensity
Criteria of anaerobic capacity test
Specificity: the test should make sense to the type of athlete
Assumptions of anaerobic power output tests
- all ATP at max power output regenerates via ATP-PCr hydrolysis
- Adequate ATP-PCr exists to support max performance
Theoretical reasoning behind anaerobic power output tests:
relate how much energy exists to how much energy (ATP/PCr) a person can actually
utilize in the short term activity
Common reasoning for anaerobic power output tests
utilizes force plates to understand mechanics and the power a subject can produce
What is an important indicator of short term energy system activation and what
are its faults
Blood lactate - not actual amount of lactate generated because some leaves blood to go
to liver/heart & no criteria to ensure max effort
Biological Indicators for Anaerobic Power
-Glycogen depletion
What exercise intensity do we expect to use glycogen the quickest?
HIIT
Individual's differences in anaerobic energy transfer capacity
- previous training
- ability to transfer acid metabolites (Sodium Bicarb buffers blood acidity)
- Motivation
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max)
No further increase in VO2 despite increasing exercise intensity
When you exercise at intensities above VO2 max, what is the energy system
used?
anaerobic energy system (No more aerobic contribution to ATP production)
What do we expect to happen to RER at increasing intensities?
RER increases (VO2 inspired/VCO2 expired)
What happens to ventilation at increasing intensities?
Ventilation (respiratory) rate increases
What happens to respiratory volume at increasing intensities?
Respiratory volume (tidal volume) increases (deep breathes)
What does "blowing off CO2" mean?
blowing out CO2 that doesn't reflect metabolism (breathing rapidly)
Weight loss can lead to increased relative VO2, why is this?
, VO2 depends on lean tissue with regards to mass, how much muscle does one have to
be involved in aerobic processes?
Why would a cross-country skier have a higher VO2 max than a sprinter?
They have a greater upper body mass which can contribute to greater oxygen
consumption.
What is "peak" oxygen consumption?
When a subject didn't reach their "true" VO2 max (no plateau) the highest VO2 recorded
is the VO2 peak
What is a graded exercise test and how do you know if one has reached their
VO2max
low to high increasing intensities and a subject reaches VO2 max when VO2 values
level off
Secondary indicators of VO2 max
- RER > 1.1 (no longer reflects fuel use)
- HR w/in 10% of age-predicted HRmax
- Lactate accumulation (7-8mM, resting is 1-2mM)
Aerobic performance efficiency indicators
- VO2 max (aerobic machine)
- Lactate threshold
- Efficiency/Economy of movement
Exercise Efficiency vs. Exercise Economy
Efficiency: ratio of external work to energy expenditure during task (ext. work/int. work)
Economy: comparison of steady-state VO2 (Oxygen consumption/task)
What is one fault of measuring energy efficiency?
Often hard to measure external work (easy on bike hard on other machines)
Which is harder to improve exercise economy or efficiency?
efficiency
What type of exercise is energy economy more useful in?
Long duration activities that depend on aerobic capacity
Factors affecting energy economy:
- biomechanical motion
- skill
- fatigue
(form falls apart)
-Muscle fiber composition
Which muscle fiber types are less economical
fast twitch muscle fibers are less economical compared to type 1 fibers
Gross vs. Net energy expenditure
Gross: total amount of energy you are expending
Net: subtracting out RMR (task specific)
Why might a trained individual have a higher amount of muscle lactic acid than
an untrained individual during maximal exercise?
trained individual works at a higher effort/intensity and has a higher lactate threshold
Tidal Volume
1/2 L
Total Lung capacity
